SPORES. 



[ 725 ] 



SPORES. 



always simple cells with a double or triple 

 coat/ 



In the Florideae, the characters of the 

 structures seem pretty clear ; we find spores 

 (p. 327), TETRASPORES (figs. 248-250), 

 which appear to represent the gonidia of 

 the Lichens, and spermatozoids (see FLORI- 

 DE^E). Among the olive-coloured sea- weeds 

 (Fucoids), the FUCACEJE andDiCTYOTACE^E 

 produce spores and spermatozoids ; but in 

 the majority of the families, only a totally 

 different mode of reproduction is known. 

 The plants produce ovate sacs, commonly 

 called spores, and chambered filaments ; 

 from both are discharged actively moving 

 ciliated cells, corresponding exactly to the 

 ZOOSPORES of the Confervoids. Thuret re- 

 gards the oosporanges a'ld trichosporanges 

 (fig. 458, p. 501), as he called these sacs and 

 filaments respectively, as merely different 

 forms of one kind of structure. But it 

 seems possible thac true spores may be dis- 

 covered, even indeed that the oosporanges 

 may be parent cells sometimes of zoospores 

 and sometimes of spores. 



Fig. 682. 



Fig. 683. 



In the Confervoids we find true spores in 

 very many cases, pro- 

 duced generally after Fig. 681. 



some process of ferti- 

 lization or of CONJU- 

 GATION, in special 

 cells (fig. 668, and 

 PI. 9. figs. 16 & 18 : 

 PI. 10. figs. 1-5). But 

 the " spores " thus 

 produced, while they 

 sometimes germinate 

 into new filaments, 

 also sometimes pro- 

 duce numerous bodies 



Of different kinds, 



connected in some 



way with reproduc- spores. 



tion ; this is the case Magn. 200 diams. 



in SPIROGYRA (PI. 9. 



fig. 23), perhaps also in CLOSTERIUM and 



other instances. Besides the spores proper, 



we have also in this family, ZOOSPORES 



the actively moving ciliated bodies which 



are regarded as gonidia and are further di- 



Fig. 684. 



*odulariaspuinigera. 



Pellia epiphylla. Preissia commutata. Blasia pusilla. 



Spores of Hepatic germinating. Magnified 200 diameters. 



vided into macrogonidia and microgonidia 

 (HYDRODICTYON), the latter of which 

 may perhaps have the function of sperma- 

 tozoids (see SPH^EROPLE A andVAUCHERiA). 

 In the Fungi the greatest confusion exists 

 in the nomenclature. The Agarics and their 

 congeners produce free naked cells at the tips 



of short filaments, whence they ultimately 

 fall off, to reproduce the plant ; these are 

 called spores or sporules, or distinctively 

 BASIDIOSPORES (figs. 53-5o, p. 92). There 

 is no essential difference between them and 

 the spores produced by the Hyphomycetes, 

 either singly or in rows or capitula (Bo- 



