TABGIONIA. 



C 752 ] 



TEA. 



Fig. 717. 



Fig. 718. 



Targionia hypophylla. 



Pig. 717. Lobe of a frond with fruit. Magnified 5 

 diameters. 



Fig. 718. Perichsete opened, showing the globular 

 sporange. Magnified 20 diameters. 



Fig. 719. Vertical section of a very young sporange. 

 Magnified 200 diameters. 



Fig. 720. A branched elater. Magnified 200 diameters. 



Fig. 721. 



Fig. 722. 



Figs. 721 & 722. Groups of four spores, not quite ma- 

 ture. Magnified 400 diameters. 



Fig. 723. Parent cells of spores and imperfect elaters, 

 from a more advanced fruit. Magnified 100 diameters. 



Fig. 724. The same. Magnified 200 diameters. 



Fig. 725. A single ripe spore. Magnified 400 dia- 

 meters. 



long time a filiform point or style. This 

 epigone bursts irregularly and vertically. 

 The spherical capsule emerges from it, but 

 is not protruded beyond the perichsete. The 

 globular capsule bursts irregularly at the 

 summit, and discharges spores and elaters 

 resembling those of Marchantia (figs. 723 

 to 725). The antheridia are imbedded in the 

 midrib, opening on papillse on the lower face. 



BIBL. Hook. Brit. Flor. ii. pt. 2. p. 105 j 

 Corda, Sturm's Deutschl, Fl. Jungerm. pi. 

 26 ; Nees, Lebermoose, iv. 



TARTARIC ACID. The crystals of 

 this substance, which belong to the oblique- 

 prismatic system, exhibit beautiful colours 

 under the polariscope. A concentrated 

 aqueous solution is useful in the chloride- 

 of-gold staining process. 



TAYLO'RIA, Hk. A genus of Splach- 

 naceae (Acrocarpous Mosses). T. serrata 

 (fig. 474, p. 512), on Scotch mountains. 

 (Wilson, Bry. Brit. 283.) 



TAXUS, L. Taxus baccata is the Yew 

 tree, belonging to the Coniferee. Its wood 

 (PI. 48. fig. 4), as also that of T. canadensis, 

 shows the remarkable combination of spiral 

 fibres with the coniferous pits. Its embryo- 

 logy is also interesting. See CONIFEBJE 

 and OVULE. 



TEA (the prepared leaves of Thea viridis 

 and T. Bohea, Nat. Ord. Ternstrceiniaceae). 

 This important article of commerce has 

 afforded some of the most remarkable ex- 

 amples of systematic fraud, practised not 

 merely by the vendors in this country, 

 but by the Chinese manufacturers. The 

 principal adulterations of tea consist of re- 

 manufactured exhausted tea-leaves, spurious 

 tea made up of the dust of tea and other 

 leaves, together with earthy matter, by the 

 aid of gum, and of spurious tea made of 

 leaves of other plants, the whole of these 

 being prepared either for black or green tea 

 by ( facing/ or imparting a colour or bloom 

 with black-lead, indigo, prussian blue, mica, 

 turmeric, &c. 



The leaves of tea may be distinguished 

 when moistened and spread out, and still 

 more decidedly, even in fragments, by the 

 aid of the microscope, which shows the 

 peculiarities of the epidermis of the upper 

 or lower faces, &c. (PI. 2. fig. 1). Other 

 leaves fraudulently introduced may be thus 

 separated, and often identified by careful 

 comparison with known kinds likely to 

 have been employed. The spurious tea 

 made up of agglutinated rubbish falls to 

 pieces instead of unrolling when infused 



