T11YSAXURA. 



TIXTIXXUS. 



brane (fig. 7-45 //), lined by a single layer of 

 polygonal epithelial eells (c),and containing 

 a yellowish, tenacious, albuminous liquid. 



The capillaries form plexuses surrounding 

 the vesicles. 



In goitre, the vesicles become greatly en- 

 larged, and confluent, so as to form 'cysts 

 containing colloid matter, with fat-globules 

 and crystals of cholesterine. The same con- 

 ditions, in a minor degree, are so frequently 

 met with, that they can scarcely be regarded 

 as abnormal. The epithelium is also often 

 found loose in the vesicles (fig. 746). The 

 minute arteries and capillaries are often 

 finind varicose. 



BIBL. Kolliker, Mik. An. ii. 327; Forster, 

 Pathol.An. ii. 233; Verson, Strieker's Hist. 

 i. L><>7. 



THYSANU'RA. An Order of Insects 

 (Spring-tails), to which Lepisma, Petrobius, 

 Pod ura, and Lepidocyrtus belong. See IN- 

 SECTS. 



BIBL. Lubbock, Thysanura, fyc., Ray 

 Soc. 1873 ; Murray, EC. Ent. 401. 



TICHOTHE'OIUM, Fv. A genus of 

 Microlichens parasitic on the thallus of 

 many crustaceous and subfoliaceous h'chens. 



BIBL. Lindsay, Qu. Mic. Jn. 18G9, 347. 



TILLE'TIA, Tnlasne. A genus of Usti- 

 laginei (Hypodermous Fungi), forming the 

 Bunt, a kind of blight of various corn-grains, 

 in which the ears are attacked, and the in- 

 ternal substance of the grains is replaced by 

 a foetid, black powder, consisting of the 

 spores of the fungus. T. Caries ( Uredo Ca- 

 ries, D.C.) attacks wheat and other grain. 

 The interior of the ovaries of the corn is at 

 first occupied by an interwoven mycelium, 

 from which the globular spores arise on 

 short stalks; as the latter grow, the ears 

 become more or less deformed, the mycelium 

 disappears, and the spores are set free as a 

 pulverulent mass. The spores have a reti- 

 culated surface ; and their pedicel is often 

 found attached (PL 27. fig. 13). A distinct 

 species is found in wheat in the United 

 States. (See USTILAGINEI.) 



BIBL. Berk. Br. Fl. ii. pt. 2. 375 ; Tu- 

 lasne, Ann. Sc. N. 3. vii. 112, pL 5 ; 4. ii. 

 161. 



TILLI'NA, Gruber. A genus of Holo- 

 trichous Infusoria. Free, renifonn, pha- 

 rynx curved ; longer cilia round the mouth 

 and the pharynx. T. magna ; freshwater. 

 (Gvuber, Zeitsch. wiss. Zool. 1879, Jn. Mic. 

 Soc. 1880 ; Kent, Inf. 514.) 



TIM'MIA, Hedw. A genus of Mniaceous 

 Mosses, approaching Polytrichum in habit, 



and j\Iniinn in the form of the capsule. One 

 British species, Tinuniu amtriaca, on rocks 

 in Scotland. 



TIN'EA, Fabr. A genus of Lepidopterous 

 Insects, of the family Tineidce. 



The small scales from the underside of 

 the wings of T. vestianella, the common 

 clothes' moth, have been proposed as test- 

 objects; but they can hardly be regarded as 

 such for object-glasses of the present day. 

 The longitudinal lines form the test-struc- 

 ture. 



BIBL. Westwood, Introd.; Staintou, 



nual of Butterflies. 



TltfOP'ORUS, Carpenter (De Montfort). 

 A many-shaped Foraminiferal genus of 

 the Globigerinida ; globular, subhemisphe- 

 rical, lenticular, or stellate ; areolated, gra- 

 nulate, and often spined (baculate). Com- 

 mencing as a spiral Rotaline (like Calcarina), 

 it soon heaps on each face subcyclical layers 

 of quadrangular chambers, with cribrate 

 floors and strong, perforated, radiating septa. 

 The spines consist of " supplemental skele- 

 ton," arising from some of the early septa, 

 with an extension of the "canal-system." 

 Gypsina, Carter, is an allied but less elabo- 

 rate form. 



Recent, often in great abundance, as Tino- 

 porus baculatus of the Australian seas and 

 the Philippines. 



BIBL. Parker and Jones, Ann. N. H. 3. 

 vi. 34 ; Carpenter, For. 223 ; Carter, Ann. 

 N. H. 4. iv. 215 ; 5. v. 444. 



TIXTINXOD'EA. A family of Hetero- 

 trichous Infusoria. 



Kent includes in this family, Tintmnus, 

 Tintinnidium, Vasicola, and Strombidinopsis. 



TIXTIXXID'IUM, Kt. A genus of 

 Heterotrichous Infusoria. Like Tintinnus, 

 but contained in a mucilaginous cylindrical 

 sheath, adherent to foreign bodies. Three 

 species; marine and freshwater. (Kent, 

 Inf. Oil.) 



TIXTINNOP'SIS, Stein. A genus of 

 Heterotrichous Infusoria. Like Tintinnus, 

 but with two independent rings of anterior 

 cilia. T. beroidea, marine. (Kent, Inf. 617.) 



TINTIN'NUS, Schrank. A genus of 

 Heterotrichous Infusoria, family Tintin- 

 nodea. 



Char. Single ; body contained in a cylin- 

 drical, sessile, bell-shaped carapace, to the 

 bottom of which it is attached by a stalk. 



Many species. 



T. inqmlinus (PI. 32. fig. 4). Body hya- 

 line or yellowish ; carapace cylindrical, hya- 

 line. Marine; length 1-240". 



