TURBELLARIA. 



[ 789 ] 



TYMPANIS. 



spermatic duct (d), which opens into the 

 cloaca, into which also the ova or larvae are 

 discharged, to escape by the posterior orifice. 

 The larvae often resemble at first tadpoles 

 with three anterior sucker-like organs, by 

 means of which they adhere to foreign 

 bodies to complete their development, the 

 tail gradually disappearing. In Appendicu- 

 Inria the larval form persists through life. 



The larval caudal appendage has been 

 shown to have a rod-like body, which has 

 been compared to the chorda dorsalis of 

 Vertebrate, 



In the large free Tunicata, the inter- 

 mediate generations are united into long 

 chains, the final product being a sexual 

 individual ; but into the further structure 

 of these curious beings we have no space 

 to enter. 



Synopsis of the Families. 



* Attached; mantle and test united only at 



the orifices. 

 BOTKYLLID^!. Bodies united into sys- 



tems. 



CLAVELINIDJE. Bodies distinct, but 

 connected by a common root- thread. 

 Bodies unconnected. 



** Free ; mantle and test united throughout. 



PELONJEAD^E. Orifices near together. 

 SALPIDJE. Orifices at opposite ends. 



BIBL. M.-Edwards, Ascid. Comp., and 

 Mem. de VInstitut, 1842 ; Forbes and Han- 

 ley, Br. Moll i. 1; Siebold, Vergl. An. 234; 

 Lister, Phil. Tr. 1834; Huxley, Comp. An.] 

 Rupert Jones, Todds Cyclop., Art. Tunicata; 

 Allinan, Qu. Mic. Jn. vii. 86 ; Gegenbaur, 

 Vergl. An. ; Nicholson, Zool. 363. 



See APPENDICULABIA, BOTBYLLID^J, 

 CLAVELINOXS:, &c. 



TURBELLA'RIA. An order of Annu- 

 lata. 



TURBINEL'LA, Schultze. A genus of 

 Ichthydine Rotatoria. 



BIBL. Schultze, Mullens Archiv, 1853, 

 241 ; Pritchard, Inf. 381. 



TURMERIC. See CURCUMA. 



TUR'RIS, Lesson. A genus of Athecate 

 Hydroida, family Clavidse. 



Char. Stems short, rooted, bearing the 

 polypes on their summits; polypes clavi- 

 form, with scattered filiform tentacles. T. 

 >i<>(/!e<-fa, in the Solent, Ilfraconibe, &c. 

 (Hincks, Hyd. Zooph. 13.) 



TYD^EUS, Koch. A genus of Trombi- 

 dina (Acarina). Transverse line present ; 



no eyes; legs six-jointed. T. mufabilis, 

 very minute, on damp earth or moss. (Koch, 

 Uebers.-, Murray, EC. Ent. 120.) 



TY'PHOID CELLS. In typhoid fever 

 certain special uninuclear cells are formed, 

 which contain more protoplasm and are 

 larger than lymph-cells, pus-corpuscles, and 

 white blood-corpuscles; these assume an 

 irregular and often polygonal form. De- 

 generative changes speedily commence, and 

 the cells break up, mostly by fatty meta- 

 morphosis, into oily debris capable of re- 

 absorption. The cells are found not only 

 in the intestinal structures, but also in other 

 organs; forming medullary masses on the 

 pleural surface, and inside the sarcolemma of 

 muscles. 



BIBL. Rindfleisch, Path. Geweb. 317. 



TYM'PANIS, Fr. A genus of Phaci- 

 diacei (Ascomycetous Fungi), consisting of 

 horny bodies growing on branches of trees, 

 breaking out through the bark. T. con- 

 spersa (fig. 771) grows upon Rosaceous 



Fig. 771. 



Tympanis conspersa. 



A collection of perithecia, more or less mature, burst- 

 ing through the bark. Magn. 10 diams. 



trees, T. saligna on -rx 779 



the privet. In the 

 former the perithecia 

 are collected in tufts ; 

 they are first closed, 

 afterwards opening 

 into cups, the disk of 

 which is occupied by 

 the hymenium, bear- 

 ing long and broad 

 asci containing nume- 

 rous spores, and some- 

 times also septate 



stylospores simulta- ^ 



neously. In T. saligna cup-like perithecia. 



the perithecia OCCUr Magnified 20 diameters. 



only two to four to- 

 gether. Spermogonia exist (which are oblong 

 or conical bodies) intermixed with the peri- 

 thecia, perforated by a terminal pore (re- 

 sembling perithecia of Sphcerici) ; these are 

 lined with delicate branched filaments bear- 

 ing minute corpuscles (spermatia), which 



sone of thepe 



