62 AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATION BILL, 1924. 



about 25 cents a^ bushel on freight on hard wheat imported into 

 Indiana. The Kansas institution has done a Avonderful work in 

 developing the Kan Red Avheat. Michi<;an has done the same with 

 the Red Rock wheat, and Wisconsin and other States have put out 

 many varieties of excellent <^rains. 



We are in a position now to do bi«r work, Mr. Chairman. l)ecause 

 the farmers are realizin^^ they must do something to help them- 

 selves. There is a spirit to-day wliich has not been present in any 

 large measure heretofore. California has had that idea in their 

 cooperative marketing. They recognized the need for good vari- 

 eties of apples and grapes in large enough quantities to warrant 

 carload lots. They have given a demonstration of what can be 

 done. You have emphasized one big point, which must have con- 

 sideration. 



Mr. Anderson. We will be verv ulad to hear the other gentlemen. 



AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK IN CALIFORNIA. 



Mr. Crocherox. Mr. Chairman, I am here primarily in the in- 

 terest of the AVestern States in this supplemental ^mith-Tvever 

 item, which we believe should be $l,oOO,0()(). The State of Cali- 

 fornia is putting $3 into agricultural extension work for ever}' 

 dollar from the Federal Government. Even the little State 

 of Xevada, with 90 per cent of its land in the hands of the Federal 

 Government and 10 per cent of the land paying the entire taxes of 

 the State, is putting up $3 to eveiy dollar from the Federal Gov- 

 ernment. NcAv Mexico, with all its difficulties, is still i)utting up $2 

 to every dolhir from tlie Federal Government. I think it speaks 

 well for the appreciation of the legislative bodies of the States and 

 counties involved in the West. The Smith-Lever Act has always 

 been manifestly inadequate for the needs of the States which had 

 ;i relative^ small rural population. It is true that our pojiulations 

 are growing and tluit the ninnber of farms is increasing. One-third 

 of the new farms in the United States between 1910 ami 1920 are in 

 California. Our farms increased from 87.000 to 110,000 in that 

 decade. That makes a great burdeh upon our agricultural exten- 

 sion service. 



Of the eight leading counties in the United States in agricultural 

 production, according to the last census, five of them are in Cali- 

 fornia; of the 50 leading counties in the {"^nited States, IG are in 

 California; and yet our proportion of the Smith-Lever appropria- 

 tion and of the supplemental appropriation, divided in the siamc 

 ratio, is relatively small. Our States have recognized that and have 

 clone M'h at they could to help con-ect it. but the fund is still inade- 

 quate. 



The State of California is putting altogether this year a total of 

 $609,000, from Federal, State, and county sources, 'into the work 

 and is reaching 90 i)er cent of the farmers in an organized way. Tlu' I 

 other 10 per cent are so difFused that we can not reach them. 



KKSUI.T OK KKDCCTION IN Al'lMtOlMM ATION. 



The amount of money involved by a reduction from $1,500,000 to 

 $1,250,000 is serious, but not pei-hai)s so .serious, to my mind at least, 

 as is the ('act that the Fedeial ( Jo^eI•nment, seemingly at least, might 



