AfJRICULTrRAL APPIU)PRIATION lUU., 11»24. 79 



urciiH <'t)V«'nMl l>y i'v«mi IIu- coiitint'iilal rnlltil StiU«*s. nml Ihr pn-fwiit quota 

 of liash- ri'iM'i'ts availalil«> to tlu; Woatlifr IturiMiii In liiMiilllcU'iit to MaffKUunl 

 the llvi's aiiil iiroiKTty of tliow now ciiKaKi**! ill uvlatlon. 



'I'lii- U'catlicr Itiin-aii Is I hi' oni> ap'iicy of tlu* Covi^riiinriit now |in>pari*<l 

 to i>\t(>ii)l ami ili*v*-lo|> tills liii|M)rtanl ailjiinct to iId- .saf)* iiaviuatlon of tlit* 

 air, hikI In its report to ilu> I't-fsltlcnt Miilaiiittlnu ftiiiilaiuciital n*<'oiiiiii«<ii<lH- 

 tlotiH roiKvrniiiK a national atTonaiitiral |N»licy lli(> Niitlohal A«iviMiry <*oiii- 

 niitti><> for Acronantii's niakt's tlu- followini; slal«>nirnt : 



•' Wlicn traiiscotitliMMilal airways an* otalillsln'*! it will Ik' nti'^'HMnry for tlii» 

 WtMitlicr Hnr«'au to provliU' a«'ro|oi:i<iil si-rvlc*- iilonj; sufli airways as tlioy 

 an* I'staltlislicil. 'I'lu* conMnilir*' r«'< onMnt'tnls. tlwri'forr, tiint In tla* *'onsii!)-ra- 

 tion of any future U'ulslation f<ir tla- rnt'^anaui-na-nt of rivil aviation a<le- 

 <|uatt' provision of law and appropriation Im- niadr for tin- extension of tli«* 

 at'rolo^'ical worl< of tin* Wi-alln'r nuieau, without wlilrh tlien* can he no safety 

 In tlu' air n«»r su<<"es8 in ••ouiniercial aviation." 



(1» h'txtiirih mill ill! rut inulioii.'t. -l'\trvviist\uK, hyilrolojry, the inllueuee 

 «»f weather on crops and agricultural operations, <"liinatoloj;y and the major 

 phenonieua of tia' circidation nf tlie air are (-((ustantly under stu«ly ity the lead- 

 ers in the several tlelds and |M)sslldy slow, luit none the less steady ]iro>;ress 

 has ln'cn matle. 



'I'he l'ore<'astin;r work of the Imreau, esptvially is at a Uiah Htaue «»f efUciency 

 and no frreut storms or disturhanees otrur without timely warning to ail in- 

 terests. 



Intensive studies of the efT«'ct of weather on crops seem to show that the 

 prolileni is heiii;,' solved, and that it will he possihle to pr«'<lict the yield per 

 acre of some of the most important crops, l»ased up(Mi a knowled^re of the pre- 

 vailinj: weatlier conditions. 



In addition to tlie direct aiiplicatlon of free air oi)S4'rvations to the needs 

 of aviati«)n spei-ial studies ami summaries of the data ^ive as nearly comiilete 

 information as itossihle of the conditions prevailinu at various heights, at 

 dllTerent tinies of the year and under varyin;^ con<litioiis of surface winds and 

 weather. I>urin« the past y«'ar there has Iteen piihlished part 1 of "An Aero- 

 loKical Survey *)f the I'nited States." In It are ^'ivinj:, by m<inths. seafJons, 

 ami the year, avera;:e and extreme values of pressure, temperature, humidity 

 and wind for all parts of the country east of the Uocky Slountaiiis and for 

 all altitudes u|> to .'» kilometers (.'5 milesl. Special attention has heeii uiven 

 to winds, and these have been (•la.s.sitie<l according to surface directions aiul 

 their characteristics as to turning with altitude, frequency of diflerent <lirec'- 

 tions and spwds, etc., have been determined and presenteil in talmlar and 

 ^'raphic form. This i»uhlication has been adopted by the Army as th<' standard 

 work on frtH'-air conditions. Tlu're is urj;ent need fiu" extending this survey 

 to the west»'rn jatrt of tlie <-ountry where at i)resent tliere are no upr»er air 

 ol»servinj; stations. 



I>urinK the year there has also been published a report on " Standard atmos- 

 phere." ba.se<l ui)on the data tints far obtained in this country. This has been 

 olhcially adopted by the National Advisory Conuuittee for Aeronautics for use 

 in aircraft tests. It forms the l)asis also for a revision of tables of ballistic 

 density, temperature, etc., now used by the Artillery and (>rdnan<-e sections of 

 the Army and Navy. 



A study of all available data has been made duriui: the past two or three 

 years with a view to iH'rfectiiiu a method of constructing; upper air-pressure 

 maps. This study has progressed to the extent that it is now possible to 

 make such maps for the eastern i)art of the country. The western part is 

 still unexplored. In s<» far as the maps are reliable they will be of definite 

 valtie not only in forecastintr for aviation but also in i>redictinir the tlire<'tion 

 and speKl of movement of storms ami, therefore, in forecasting; surface weather. 

 Their reliability must depend in larjie part upon additional and more closely 

 distributed data. 



SAI^VKIES. 



Mr. Makvix. The statiitoi-v roll a|)pears on pa^e .'>7 ami coiitaiiis 



iKj chun<re in appropriation whatever. There is a change of title 



down about the middle of the page where one skilled mechanic has 



been added in lieu of an electrician formerly carried in the appro- 



2202^—22 G 



