82 AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATIOX BILL, 1924. 



Mr. Marvix. We have practically 200 stations, maybe a few more. 

 That is. reg:ular (juarters which are owned or rented by the Gov- 

 ernment and manned by commissioned employees; V)ut we pet nianj' 

 reports from other sources than the rejzular stations. 



Mr. AxDERSOX. Pajre 44. next item, for investi<rations. observa- 

 tions, and reports, forecasts, warninjrs. and atlvices for the protection 

 of horticultural interests from frost damajre. That appears to have 

 been eliminated. The amount is $12,000. 



FROST WARNING INA'ESTIGATIONS. 



Mr. Marvin. That is an item which has been omitted to effect 

 economy in Government expenditures. If you desire, we are pre- 

 pared to show you some features of the work we did with that money 

 last year. Mr. Smith, who has charge of that work, has a few 

 photographs. 



PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Mr. AxDERSOx. Will you tell the committee about these photo- 

 graphs? 



Mr. Smith. Taking them up in their order, Xo. 1 was taken Feb- 

 ruar}^ 16, 1922, It shows lemon trees in a large grove near Whittier, 

 Calif., being removed because of damage by frosts of January 10-2G, 

 1922. Some cracks in trunks and large branches of trees can be 

 seen in the photograph. 



Mr. AxDERSox. Could that have been prevented ? 



^Ir. Smith. This (}uestion is answered by jihotograph Xo. i^, which 

 shows a navel orange grove, near Riverside. Calif., indicating the 

 excellent condition of trees and fruit which were protected with 

 40 7-gallon high stack oil heaters to the acre. The entire crop of 

 oranges from this orchard was graded '" Sunkist," a grade which 

 must show practically no frost damage. 



Xo. 5 indicates the damage done directly across the road from 

 the grove shown in Xo. 3. Practically the entire crop is on the 

 ground and all fruit shows frost injury. That orchard was not 

 protected. 



Xo. 7. Date, January 26, 1922: View in orange grove near Pomona, 

 Calif. Only outside fruit, on outside, or border rows, or trees, show 

 any damage from frost. Trees protected with HO tall-stack lieaters,^ 

 5 to 9 gallon capacit}', to the acre. Temperature at check station 

 was 18° for one hour on one cold night. Fruit graded 4.5 per cent 

 loss by freezing in portion of grove where temperature records were 

 kept. The work of firing the heaters was very poorly done, and 

 there is no doubt thei'e would have been no danuigc whatever it' the 

 work had been efficiently carried on, 



Xo. 8. Date. January 26, 1922 : View in same irrove as Xo. 7, show- 

 ing excellent condition of trees after freeze. Burning reservoir of 

 heaters is of cast iron; 9-giillon capacity allows long burning time, 

 which is an impoitant ))oint in such cold perioils as during the 

 winter of 1921-22, when dangerous temperatures continued for 12 

 horn's and even longer. 



Xos. 10 and 11 show the dillVrence between heated and unheate>l 

 groves. Xo. 10 shows clusters of oiange blossoms, fresii and unin- 



