86 AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATION BILL, 1924. 



I think more or less damage is done every year in the most im- 

 portant fruit districts of the West. Once in seven or eight years tliey 

 get a frost damage like this. 



Mr. Anderson. What I am getting at is what period of time, as a 

 rule, do these frosts occur? 



Mr. Marvin. In southern California in the wintertime, in the frost 

 season, November to February. 



Mr. Anderson. You have to have a man in there, then, during the 

 entire period of time tliat frosts occur? 



Mr. Marvin. Yes, sir; and then up in the northern portions it is 

 later in the season. They go up there about the 1st of March. Let 

 me make one point, that this intensive work is not confined to the 

 region we are talking about. This money is spent partly at some 20 

 or 25 other points in the United States, only not so extensively as on 

 the Pacific coast. It is spent in California, Arizona, New Mexico, 

 New Jersey, New England, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri. Kansas, 

 Washington, and Oregon. 



Mr. Buchanan. Is this amount exclusive of the salaries of the 

 men? 



Mv. Marvin. No ; that is inclusive of salaries. 



Mr. Buchanan. Is this $12,000 all you ask for instnmients? 



Mr. Marvin. Not all of it. There are some instruments and some 

 telegraphing that go in it. The fund is for salaries and incidental 

 costs of travel, instruments, and things of that kind that are involved 

 in the work. 



OFFICIAL TRAVELING EXPENSES. 



Mr. Anderson. Your next item is on the same page, for official 

 traveling expenses. Is there any change in that? 



Mr. Marvin. No, sir. That is for the same amount. 



Mr. Anderson. The next item is on page 45, for the maintenance 

 of stations for observing, measuring, and investigating atmospheric 

 phenomena, etc. 



FOR maintenance OF STATIONS FOR OBSERVING, MEASURING, AND 

 INVESTIGATING ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA, ETC. 



Mr. Marvin. That carries an increase and covers investigaticms 

 the bureau makes in the upper-air conditions as distinguislied from 

 the service observations about which we have been speaking hereto- 

 fore. The immediate practical use made of tliis is for flying- 

 weather forecasting and giving information to aviators. 



Mr. Buchanan. Upper-air forecasting? 



AIDS TO W AU AND POST OFFICE DEl'AKTMENTS ATR SERVICE. 



Mr. Marvin. Yes, sir; aerological work, as we call it. We have 

 been before (\)ngress for some years since tlie war to have the 

 amount that we now have for this pur|)ose inci'eased. The $25.()(l() 

 included in the Budget is but a small part of that really needed to 

 give us all the information we need concerning upper-air conditions, 

 and which we shoidd have in order to make a thorough-going serv- 

 ice, but with the $25,000 we hope to be able io increase the service 



