ACiRICULTl'RAL APPROPHIATION HiLI^ 11524. 101 



iiiimv of tlu' Stall's it will Imvo Ihth prarticallv i'.\t<'riuinat«*<l liv that 

 time, aiul it is a matter of {jjieat satisfartion that in thos*' States that 

 ai"«* makiiiLT siirh splciitlid |)i(»;,'n'>s they ha\e put up the ItuiTiei's that 

 will nrecliiilc tin* iuti'tMJiictioii itf tiil)«'r<iilar fjitt !•• Irom oilu-r Statt's. 



\\ ith thi' cieanin}.' U|) of om'-half (»f tin- States, roiut'nt ration can 

 he matle on the halance of the territory in which the infection exists. 

 an<l hy the contiiiiieil iiiJcrol of the li\t' :-tofk owrieis satisfactory 

 pioirress can he made until the joh is fully consummated. 



Durini; the current year we have nnide a survey of the entire 

 country and have ti<;»ired on a ma|) the percentage (»f tuhercidosis in 

 every county in e\'ei"v State. The li;_'uiTs show that in o\er l.«'i(Mi.()(i() 

 s(|uare miles, or an area of ahout 4<> per cent of the entire country, 

 there is ().(> of 1 per cent tuherculosis; in 21 j)er cent of the remain- 

 in<r <'ountry there is 'J.l per cent of tuherculosis: in 20 per rent of 

 the halance of the territory there is 4. J) per cent of tulterculosis. Tn 

 4 jx'r cent of the area theie is over 10 ])er cent, while in oidy U per 

 cent, or 5.^,781) s<|uare miles, is the disease present in o\er 1.') per cent 

 of the cattle. It avera«res ahout 20 per cent in the ^vors't infected area. 



Tt'BEBCULOSIS IN HOGS. 



Mr. AxnKKsoN. Has this camjiai<rn reflected so far appreciahly in 

 tlie reduction of tuherculosis in ho<j:s? 



Doctor M()Iilp:k, Xo, sir: it has not. Tn fact, the opposite is true. 

 There is an increase in tuherculosis in ho<rs, as fi«;ured out hy statis- 

 tics of the various slauirhterinir houses: hut. on the other hand, there 

 is a marked decrea.se in tiie amount of tuherculosis in cattle, as deter- 

 mined hy slauirhterhouse statistics. 



Mr. Andkrsox. One of the thin<rs that I supposed — it was hoped, 

 at lea.st — would result in this cami)ai<xn, was a reflected reduction of 

 tuherculosis in ho<rs. 



Doctor MoHLKu. That is very true, and there is only one explana- 

 tion that I can make ahout the increase of tuherculosis amonp: ho<rs, 

 and that is that the hojrs are not frettinjr all theii- disease from cattle. 

 In the last 12 months we have found a <rreat increase amon<r tuhercu- 

 losis of chickens. This avian form of tuherculosis was known to ex- 

 ist in California, Orefjon. and four or five of the Eastern States: but, 

 as I said hefore. in the last year we have found it to exist in 24 or 25 

 States. esj)ecially in the Central West — in Iowa, for instance. It is 

 a welld<nown fact that when chickens die on the farm they are thrown 

 over in the hog: lot, and the ho<;s eat them. It is eipially well-known 

 that hoiTs are very susceptible to the avian type of tuherculosis. AVe 

 have taken tuberculous tissues from ho<rs and have found the avian 

 form of the <rerm in those tissues, so that it looks to me as if the in- 

 crease in tul)erculosis amon<; hopfs is due to the increase of tuberculosis 

 amon<r chickens, and that tlie ho<rs are contractin<r a jrreat deal of 

 this disease from eating or associating: with tuberculous chickens. 



One of the gentlemen attendin<r the c<mference of A^rricultural 

 C()lle<re workers here this week, told me that they were conductinor 

 an experiment at the Illinois .Station Avith hoirs housed under the 

 chicken roosts, with the idea of determining whether the ho^rs would 

 contract the disease bv merely associatinjr with tuberculous chickens. 

 There is no doubt but what they can, because we have worked that 

 out here in our lal)oratorv in Washington. 



