AGRICUIiTIJRAL APPROPRIATION' HIIJ,, 1024. 



If)? 



Dortor 'I'ayi.or. Tlicv arc \\i»rtns, and tiny linvp not boon \n y 

 miK'li sluditMl until rrct'utly. 'Pli«'\' arc widely [)rcvulrnt in those 

 parts of tho country whore tlio soil does not freeze deep or hard in 

 wint4>r. so tlint tliey live throw^h the winter. 



They are troiihlesoiiie in j^reerdiouses in the North, and it has he- 

 come evident during this last summer that they have (►htained lodjrj.- 

 ment in the open jxround in various plnees as far north ns the (treat 



I Lakes n><;ion. 

 Mr. BrcnANAN. Vou woiild not call a worm that is lar<;e enouirh to 

 cut a hean stalk down a nematode^ 



Doctor Taylor. No; these are little fellows. You can liareiy seo 

 them with the naked (\ve. hut if you want to jjet their foeial expres- 

 sion you ne(>(l a ma<;nifyinj; j;lass. 



Mr. Hi'cifAXAN'. Some are injurious and some are heneficini i 



Doctor Taylor. Some live on «;rassho|)pers. 



Mr. BrcFf.VN.vx. And some of them eat other thirifrs^ 



J^octor Taylor. Yes. That phase is very new. If I were not here 

 this afternoon, I would he in Doctor Cobb's laboratory lookinj; over 

 some frra.sshopper corpses that he has been workiiifj with. 



I would like to remark that in this recent development in coiniec- 

 tion with th(\se plant-disease orjjanisms, in the work on the iwrna- 

 todes alfectinj; "grasshoppers there is a close cooperation main- 

 tained with the Bureau of ICntom()lo«;y, and there is no overlapniuLT or 

 duplication — -the lUMuatode work beinic done by the Bureau ot Plant 

 Industry and the insect work by the Bureau of Kntomology. 



Mr. Andersox. I do not know whether this is the place to brinp^ 

 it in or not, but I think that a year or two aj^o you made some esti- 

 mate with respect to some work on clover. I do not know whether 

 you even ^ot the money or not. But has there been any develop- 

 ment in connection with clover seeds ? 



CLOVER CROWN FROM EUROPEAN .SEED. 



Doctor Taylor. There lias been tliis rather startlin*:^ developincnt 

 during the present sea^(»n, as regards the bi'luivior of clo^ er i;rown 

 from European clover seed imported from the Mediterranean region, 

 where lots of seetl obtained as near to definite sources of production 

 as we could get them without sending a man tliere actually to collect 

 the seed, W(>re planted in contract with Ajnerican-<;rown seeil plots 

 at Arlington Farm and in several States, particularly in the corn 

 belt and lake region, where during the miUl winter of a year ago 

 there was no perceptible diU'erence in the behavior of the crop. 

 Gootl stands were obtained at the seeding time in 1!)21. Thev came 

 through the winter of 1921-22 without material difference in growth 

 or stand. The first cutting of hay in 11)22 was substantially alike, 

 and it looked as though one seed was as good as the other. Within 

 three weeks after the mowing at Arlington Farm, however, prac- 

 tically every plot of clover grown from the south European clover seed 

 showed a destructive development of a leaf disease which before the 

 end of the summer had kilhnl off from half to two-thirds of the stand, 

 in contrast with the plots from American-grown seed, which stood 

 through in good condition, although showing some sliglit leaf injury 

 from tliis disease. This means apparently that we have got both the 

 question of winter tenderness, wliich had come up before, during 



