AfmicrLTrilAI. Al'lMlol'HIATIoN iiir.i . l;rjj. 183 



Mr. BrciiANAx. Vt's. 



DdCtor KKI.I.KIfNfAN". We f'ollM iKtt -ih«to<I in a < aiii|mi;,'ri i»f tills 

 sort witlioul jiliMost tlie uimniinoiis sup|)ort of iIh- finrmr-^ in the 

 tiTritorv in which we are carrvinp it on. 



Mr. Ai(MiAXAN. I ronlizc that, ami I say if thry <!<» not hrlu-vr in 

 it. tlx'ii it is up to thr (io\ j'riunmt to «;o on ami <l('in<»nstratr it nn«l 

 prove it to them an«l ronvitjcc thcni of its vahir. 



Doctor Kkm.kumav. Ye.s, sir. 



Doctor Tayi-ok. Mr. .Vntlcrson. i think the rcsnlts of an wi<|iiiry 

 made in the iMironran <-ountrics this summer l>y Doctor .Stakman in 

 I t>nnecti«)n with tliis work which Doctor Kellornian has hoen t^'lling 

 you of,' would he helpful if Doctor Kellerman will present them to 

 you. 



Mr. A.NDEKsoN. Ail rij;ht; let us liave it. 



D(»ctor Kkli.kkman. 'Phis is ri^ht in connection with the attitude 

 of tlie farmers in Kuropean coimtries toward harhi'rrv era<lication 

 for the control of hlack stem rust. We have a report here in connec- 

 tion with that inquiry. It has not heen issued in any formal puh- 

 lication, hut I think that it is quit« illuminatinfj as to what the con- 

 census of opinion is in thosi' countrii's where tliev liave l)(>en at this 

 i()nsi<leral)lv lon<;er than we have in tlieir elForts to c«)ntrol the di.sease. 



Doctor IvF.LLKKMAN. Mr. Chairniaii. Doctor Stakman wjis sent to 

 iMnope 



.Mr. Am)Ki:sox (interposiniri. liy th" department d 



Doctor Kki.lermax. By the department; yes, sir. He was s* nt 

 > Europe hec.uise of tlie fe;'lin^ that. aKh )us;h we had the technical 

 report.s of the work carried on in these countries, the lack of first- 

 hand knowled«:e was a iiandicap in ex|)lainini; the results in these 

 foreiijn countries. Denmark. p<irtieularly, had renurte I unusually 

 favorahle results in control of hlack-stem rust tnrough harhorry 

 eradication, hut no American representative had ever examined the 

 con lit ions in that country. 



D(»ctor Stakman made a thorou:;h stuilv, in so far as the seasons 

 permitteil, not only in Denmark hut in f'rance, Austria, Huni^ary, 

 and Germany, as well as England, and found that the feelinj; in those 

 countries, in western Kun)pe throujjhout. was tjeneral. not only 

 amon<; the specialists hut anion*; the farmers as well, that the com- 

 mon harberry had heen almost tlie sole cause of their .serious troubles 

 with black-stem rust, but that at the present time the black-stem 

 rust was not. and for some years had not been a serious (piestion, 

 because tliron«;h the elimination of thectunjnon barberry, and in most 

 of the countrie^: you mijjjht almost say, eradication by barberry 

 eradication laws, black stem rust hatl disappeared. 



Mr. AxDKU.sox. What relation is there between bhu-k >tem rust :ind 

 red rust ( 



Doctor Keli,f:rmax. There is ju>l a dilFerence in the season of the 

 year. Well, of course, there is leaf rust. That is a totally tlifTerent 

 species. It is, tlwrefore, ji little bit confusini; to try to make a dis- 

 tmction between what is known as black stem rust, whicii is a rust 

 which is red in the early season of the year, and the leaf rust, whi<h 

 is commoidy spok«'n of as red rust. 



Mr. AxDKHsox. Is the red rust a destructive rust '. 



Doctor Kkli.kh.m.vx. That has not been considered a destructive 

 disea^se, although duriig the past two years, because of climatic con- 





