AfJKlcri.TrilAL APPnoPHIATION IIIIJ,, 1U24. 175 



provisidri for this iiifunt typo of onlinnlinjj. wlticli is n<4>^uiniii^ <'on- 

 si«l(Miil)l(' iinporluiuM" iiiul j)ntinis<>> to Im« of slill mor«' import unci' in 

 our fiituri' foo«l siipplv. 'rln* pecan in sonu* si'ctioiis of the roiintrv 

 alrfndy h»s hcroinr a (iotiiiriatil onliard rrop. 'I'hat is s|)»'ri(i<'iillv 

 true ill soutluMii (ieorjjia and nortlicni Klori<!a. Tlwrr is every 

 reason to expert that it will heeome of larjjer importance in Ixxiisiana 

 and Texas where heretofore the wild production has been so j^reat 

 that the interest in (he plaritin;; of com!n«>r<'ial — 



Mr. Hi ( HANAN (inlerposintji. \\ >• :iI|.:hI\ Isni.u till- siiil i«. )idM|>t<*d 



to them. Wo 800 the trees tJiere. 



Doctor 'I'ayi.oii. Yes. 'Hie hi^t^est {)e<*an trees 1 have seen at all 

 are. \ think, in tiw Trinity \'alley, up near Hedlcv. Tex. Fiuf one of 

 the practical things of imjxirtance is the dctcrinnnilion of the adapta- 

 bility of the particular improved varietios to s|)e<'ial soil typos. 

 There are some marked difrerences in the behavior of such varieties, 

 such as the Schh'v, which is hij^hly <lesirable after you };et it, bears 

 well. brin«;s i^ood prices, etc. It needs the same s(»rt of study as the 

 apj)le, peach, pear -in fact, all the tree fruits have re(]uired before 

 tney are shaken down into their permanent production territory. 

 It is one of the distinctly important infant orcliard features of (»ur 

 tt«;riculture. 



Mr. Bit iiANA.v. I think so too, and I think wo know that the land 

 is adapted to it. I know so in my section. 



J)octor Tayloii. Of course, vou luive there in your section the 

 natural pecan production to {i^uide you. The surprising; thinjj is that 

 the commercial pecan orchard in its most intensive form has developed 

 outside of its natural territory — - — 



Mr. BiTHANA.v (interposing). Do you know why it is ^ It is 

 because it takes pecans too lonj; to develop into somethini; pr(»fitable. 



Doctor Taylor. Yes, sir; and that is wny, in the Southeast, if they 

 wanted pecans, they had to jjo to w^ork and raise them. They could 

 not go to the woods and get them. 



FOB INVESnOATlON AND IMPROVEME.VT OF FRUIT AND METHODS OF 



FuriT (;h()WI\(;. 



On page 113. the sul)!ipproj)riation for investigation and improve- 

 ment of fruit and methods of iruit growing, there is an actual increa.se 

 of §1'),()()0. This is required for the j)rovisi()n of fences, buildings, 

 equipment for the operation of the two experimental vineyards which 

 ('ongress authorized the purchase of last year, and which are now 

 government property, but have to be operated by the department 

 directly instead of indirectly through cooperating owners of the land. 

 These are at Fresno and Oakville, C'alif. One is in the hot San Joa- 

 quin \ alley, the raisin territory, and the other in the co(»lcr bay region. 



Mr. Andkkson. They seem to l>c g(>ttinir along v(M-v well with their 

 price without much help. 



Doctor Taylor. They have through the unexpected developments 

 following the constitutional amenchnent, up to this year, but they have 

 had very severe losses this year through failure (»f the transportation 

 systems to move the fresh grapes to the Eastern consumers. This 

 work was begun back in the days when wine and brandy were the 

 principal objectives of the growers of a large proportion of the acreage 

 of graj)es. 



22028—22 12 



