382 AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATION BILL, 1924. 



.\nother way in which the consoUdation has proved especially 

 helpful is by bringjiiij^ toojether the people working on the economics of 

 of production and the economics of marketing and talking over the 

 various problems that they jointly have to work upon, eacn gets the 

 point of view of production and of marketing, and not simply the 

 point of view of production or the point of view of marketing. We 

 come to see more and more that many of the problems of marketing 

 arise out of c(mditions in the field of production and. on the other 

 hand, many of the questions that the farmer needs to have answered 

 before deciding what to produce have to be answered by those who 

 are working in the field of marketing. The biggest change that has 

 been brought about in the work of the combined bureaus and, 

 particularly, with regard to the marketing work, is the introduction 

 of more economic research. 



More effort is behig given to the thorough understanding of the 

 economic forces that influence the market movement of farm crops. 

 A study is being made of what happens to each of the principal crops 

 from the time it leaves the farm until it reaches the consumer. For 

 example, take wheat: We are interested in making a study of what 

 happens to wheat at the local station as the farmer and the local 

 buyer get together and agree upon a price at which the wheat shall 

 be sold, and the extent to which careful gratling of the grain is taking 

 place. Then, we are interested in the financing as well as the actual 

 movement of the grain, both in the local and in the central markets, 

 following through in detail everything that happens to this wheat, 

 including the financing and the grading of the wheat, from the time 

 it leaves the farm until it reaches the mill, with a view to making a 

 clear picture that will be a basis, first, for educational work, and 

 second, for a proper adjustment of our grain grades, in order that 

 through a proper adjustment of grain grades and through the edu- 

 cation of the farmer to look after nis own interests, the milling value 

 of the wheat may be more perfectly reflected back to the farm. An 

 example of one thing that has received a ^reat deal of attention 

 is the 'Know your wheat" campaign, which has for its purpose 

 teaching the farmer to know what he nas to sell in order that lie may 

 sell it iiu)re advantageously. It has the further oflice. however, 

 of stimulating him to produce a thing that is of higher intrinsic 

 value in the market. Work along this same line is being carried 

 on in the field of cotton marketing. In the past it was the rule for 

 cotton of (lifl'erent grades anil staple to be sold, b}^ the smaller farmers 

 in particular, at the average price in a given community without 

 regard to the did'ereuces in value. 



Educational work has been carried on jointly with the extension 

 services in the various States, to help the farmers to know the value 

 of what they are producing;, and, in turn, that has had a very bene- 

 ficent influence upon the inrniers in selecting varieties of cotton to 

 grow tlml will tU'niand better prices. We hope to organize the 

 research v, ;»rk in such a way as to form the foundation for improving 

 all of tiie services and the regulatory work. In a general way, Mr. 

 Chairnian, the effort has l)(>en to make tiie r(>s(*jirch work of the bureau 

 follow u|) and nctually further the work that was so well begun in 

 the field of marketing and credit by the Joint Commission of Agri- 

 cultural ln(|uiry. 



