406 AGRICULTURAL APPROPRLA.TION BILL, 1924. 



various projects. Now, that may be in the cost of marketing; it 

 may be in a study of terminal marketing, such as we have in Mas- 

 sachusetts; it may be a question of standardization of tobacco, as 

 is the case in about six oi the t(>l)acco Slates, where the States are 

 very much interested in the continuation of the work and where we 

 have a special fund that we can cooperate with the States on those 

 various projects. I do not think that it is necessary to go any further 

 into that, because it is not a project by itself any more. 



nilAI.V IWESTUiATIOXS. 



The next is "Grain investigations,'' which is the last of these, with 

 the exception of one which was transferred to Plant Industry last year. 



Standards have been arrived at for corn, wheat, and oats. That 

 has been done in the past. Standards for flax anti rice are being I 

 worked on, and they are practically completed. Standards for rye 

 and barley are also being developed. That work is all of our stand- 

 ardization work. 



Our research work is paid from this appropriation. In addition 

 to that standardization work, there are three lines of work that we 

 have given special emphasis to in the last year. One is the grain 

 cleaning work, and if you do not mind looking at these samples, I * 

 would like to have you see the results of this cleaning work. This 

 [exhibiting sample to committee] represents on the left the wheat as 

 it was originally threshed, and it has been sold through the channels 

 of trade in practically all the Northwest. So, our idea has been to 

 develop a cleaning machine which can be attached "to the tliresher, 

 working automatically with the thresher. The second sample of 

 wheat shows what is accomplished by the cleaning method, and the 

 other two small squares show the material that has been taken out. 



Now, those three different types — 3'^ou will notice the information 

 at the bottom of this one [indicating] that as the wheat has been 

 threshed, there is 9 per cent dockage on which freight was paid, 

 and on which all the marketing processes w^ere paid. After using 

 the cleaner, that dockage had been reduced to less than 1 per cent 

 in this particular sample. The percentage of foreign matter in this 

 ?;ample [indicating] is reduced only slightly. The total foreign matter 

 before cleaning in this sample [indicating] is 9.6 per cent. The total 

 foreign matter after cleaning is 1.3 per cent. 



Now, on the basis of these, and on the inspections that were 

 made in Minnesota inspecti(m points, we have estimated that in the 

 course of the year 1921, 9,500,000 bushels of foreign matter entered 

 into commerce. 



Mr. Andkuso.n. What is the effect of this cleaning on the grain, 

 on the wheat 1^ 



Mr. Tknny. Well, up in the right-hand corner, you will notice 

 the change. 



Mr. Andkhson. I see. That is what I was looking for. 



Mr. Tk.nnv. In this particular sample, after cleaning, No. 1, 

 which weighed oS^ went up to '>*) j)ounds. Often it raises the grade. 



Mr. liiciiANAN. Ordiiiaiily, w hat is the didcfcucc in price bctwtM'ti 

 No. '2 and No. .> wheat ( 



Mr. 'I'k.n.sy. The difference in price between No. '2 ami .No. :\ 

 wJieut averages between 2 and I cents per bushel. 



