12 OBJECTS AND ENDS OF 



ROCKS. 



STRATIFIED ROCKS have been deposited from water. 



They have been produced from fragments, or from 

 dissolved substances, or from both. 



They have been consolidated by mechanical forces, 

 or by chemical actions, or by both. 



They were once horizontal in position, or nearly so, 

 and their positions ate now various. 



They were once continuous and straight planes, or 

 nearly so, as far as their extent; and they are now bent, 

 fractured, and separated. 



They were once unmixed with un stratified rocks, 

 and they are now intermixed with these. 



Being essentially composed of minerals, they also 

 contain the remains of animals and vegetables. 



They were once, or oftener, below water, and they 

 are now above it. 



They are repeated in consecutive and parallel order, 

 of the same, or of different kinds. 



Every consecutive and parallel scries was formed 

 beneath one water, and during one denned period of 

 repose. 



There are more than one or two sets of the conse- 

 cutive and parallel, separated from the approximate, 

 which occupy other and different angles. 



There is a frequent, if not a necessary, interposition 

 of consolidated fragments at these points. 



With rare exceptions, every stratum is of later origin 

 than the one next below it. 



UNSTRATIFIED ROCKS have been produced from 

 below the stratified. 



They are found below these, or above them, or in- 

 termixed in the forms of masses, beds, and veins. 



