NATURAL HISTORY. 93 



Fear, terror or horror, wrinkles the forehead, raises 

 the eye-brow, extends the eye-lids as much as possible, 

 and discovers a part of the white of the eye over the 

 pupil, which is lowered, and somewhat concealed by 

 the inferior eye-lid. Tiie rnouth, at the same time, is 

 widely opened, and the lips being separated, both the 

 upper and under teeth appear. 



Contempt or derision raises the upper lip on one side, 

 and on the other there is a little motion, as if in order 

 to smile. The nose is shrivelled on the same side on 

 which the lip is raised, and the corner of the mouth is 

 extended. The eye on the same side is almost shut, 

 while the other is open as usual, but the pupil of each 

 is lowered,' as when one looks downward. 



By jealousy, malice, and envy, the "eye-brow falls 

 down, and is knit, the eye-lid is raised, and the pupil 

 lowered. The under-lip is raised on each side, while 

 the corners of the mouth are rather lowered, and the 

 middle of the under-lip is raised, in order to join the 

 middle of the upper one. 



The two corners of the mouth are extended by laugh- 

 ter, and somewhat raised. The upper part of the cheeks 

 is raised, and the eyes are more or less closed. The 

 upper lip too is raised, while the under one is lower- 

 ed ; and, in moderate laughter, the mouth is opened, 

 and the skin of the nose is contracted. Where there 

 is a good natural constitution of the body, it is not 

 impossible, by moderating the passions temperance and 

 sobriety, to extend the period of life for a few years. 

 But even of this there seems to be an uncertainty ; for 

 if it is necessary that the body should employ its whole 

 strength, that it should consume whatever it is capable 

 of consuming, that it should undergo every possible ex- 



