:S8 NATURAL HISTORY. 



head for the liquor, except the monkey, macaw, arid 

 some others that have hands, and consequently drink, 

 like men, when a vase or glass is given them which 

 tiiey can hold. They carry this to their mouths, in- 

 clining the head, throwing down the liquor, and swal- 

 lowing it by the simple motion of deglutition. Man 

 usually drinks in the same manner, because it is most 

 convenient. Most quadrupeds also -choose that mode 

 which is most agreeable to them, and constantly fol- 

 low it. The dog, whose mouth is large, and whose 

 tongue is long and thin, drinks lapping, which mode 

 he prefers to that of wetting the nose. The horse, 

 on the contrary, whose mouth is small, and whose 

 tongue is too short and thick to scoop it up, and who 

 always drinks with more avidity than he eats, dips the 

 mouth and nose quickly and deeply into the water, 

 which he swallows largely by the simple motion of 

 deglutition. This, however, forces him to drink with- 

 out breathing; whilst the dog breathes at his ease while 

 he is drinking. Horses therefore should be Suffered 

 to take seteral draughts, especially after running, when 

 respiration is short and quick. They should not, how- 

 ever, be suffered to drink the water too cold, because 

 that, independently of the cholic, which cold water 

 frequently occasions, it sometimes happens also, from 

 the necessity they are in of dipping the nose into the 

 water, that they catch cold, which often lays the foun- 

 dation of a disorder called the glanders, the most for- 

 midable of all to the horse. As the seat of the glan- 

 ders is in the pituitary membrane, it is consequently 

 a real cold, which occassions an inflammation in this 

 membrane. Travellers too, who give us a detail of 

 the maladies of horses in warm climates, as in Arabia, 

 Persia, and Barbary, do not say that the glanders arc 



