6i 



CHAPTER II. 



CONSERVATIVE APPENDAGES. 



THE conservative appendages are such accessory 

 or supernumerary parts as are found to accompany 

 the conservative organs occasionally, but not invari- 

 ably. It is not meant, however, that they make their 

 appearance at random. They are permanent in 

 whatever species they are found to exist ; some being 

 peculiar to one species, and some to another. But 

 they are never found to be all united in the same 

 species, and are not necessarily included in the 

 general idea of the plant. Where they occur how- 

 ever, they are often of the greatest utility to the 

 botanist, and are accordingly worthy of a particular 

 investigation. I shall now introduce them under 

 the several following heads : gems, glands, tendrils, 

 stipulae, armature, pubescence, anomalies. 



SECTION I. 



Gems. 



GEMS are organized substances issuing from the Their de- 

 surface of the plant, and containing the rudiments an j 

 of new and additional parts which they protrude ; s P ecies - 

 or the rudiments of new individuals which they 

 constitute by detaching themselves ultimately from 



