SECT. I, THE FLOWEK. 8Q 



It is said to be shut if the segments are applied 

 close to the flower, as in the genus Cheiranthus ; 

 or spreading, if the segments expand towards the 

 point, as in the Raspberry ; or reflected if the 

 segments are bent back at the point, as in Ranun- 

 culus bulbosits. 



If it falls before the other parts of the flower it 

 is said to be caducous, as in the Poppy ; if it falls 

 with the other parts of the flower it is said to be de- 

 ciduous, as in the Lime-tree; and if it remains after 

 the other parts of the flower fall, it is said to be 

 permanent, as in St. John's Wort. 



In its attachment the calyx is adherent, that is Adherent 

 closely investing the ovary by the lower part, but ^ f 

 surmounting it by the border, as in Enchanter's 

 Nightshade ; or it is half adherent, investing part 

 of the ovary, as in Clustered Alpine Saxifrage ; or 

 it is detached, that is including the ovary, but not 

 adhering to it, as in the Primrose. 



The adherent and detached calyx are also de- 

 signated by the terms superior and inferior calyx. 

 But according to M. Ventenat, the calyx always 

 originates beneath the ovary, and when it is thought 

 to originate above it, or to be superior, it is only 

 because the lower part adheres so closely to the 

 fruit as to be scarely distinguishable from it.* 



The common perianth or calyx is either mono- Common. 



* Tab. du Reg. Veget. 



