SECT. I. THE FLOWER. Ql 



of one piece only, as in Lolium, it is said to be 

 one-valved (PL IV. Fig. 3.) ; and if of two pieces, 

 as in Avena, and most other Grasses, it is said to 

 be two-valved (PI. IV. Fig. 4.). The figure of 

 the valves is oval, as in Scirpus maritlmus ; or 

 lanceolate, as in Poa ctfsia; or concave, as in Briza ; 

 or keeled, that is having a prominent and longi- 

 tudinal ridge on the under side, as in Cynosiirus 

 crist at us ; or blunt, as in Bri.za minor ; or acu- 

 minate, as in Poa minor alis ; or fringed, as in 

 Ftstuca rubra. The surface is smooth, as in 

 Festuca ovina ; or rough, as in Cynosurus echi- 

 natus ; or streaked, as in Poa minor; or nerved, 

 as in BrotriuS arvensis ; or coloured, that is of any 

 colour but gre>m, as in Mvllca. It is either one- 

 flowered, as in Agrostis ; or two-flowered,, as in 

 Air a ; or three-flowered, as in Sesleria ; or many- 

 flowered as in Bromus ; and is consequently like 

 the perianth either proper or common. 



ARTICLE 3. The Scale. The scale is a thin, p e fini, 

 chaffy and membranaceous substance, though some- tlon * 

 times also tough and leathery, forming part of 

 the fructification of a variety of plants producing 

 incomplete flowers, and constituting their calyx. 

 It may be exemplified' in the aggregate flowers of 

 the Willow and Fir, in the former .of which it is 

 a proper calyx, each scale including an individual 

 flower; and in the latter, a common calyx, each 

 scale including more than an individual flower. 



The figure of the scale is either circular, as in its figure, 



