158 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. CHAP. III. 



In the Lily the valves are vertical; in Anagallis 

 they are transverse ; in Colchicum they are intro- 

 flected. It is one-celled, as in Viola ; two-celled, 

 as in Veronica ; three-celled, as in Iris ; or -many- 

 eel led, as in Andromeda. In Convolvulus the par- 

 titions are central ; in the Poppy they are marginal 

 and incomplete ; in the Tulip they are perpendi- 

 cular to the valves ; and in Nymphcea they bear the 

 seeds. In the Iris the opening is longitudinal; in 

 Hyoscyamos it is horizontal ; in Silene it is at the 

 apex ; in Phyteuma at the side ; and in Triglochin 

 at the base. 



In some cases the varieties of form or structure 

 which the capsule assumes are so striking or pe- 

 culiar, as to have been thought worthy of being 

 designated by proper names. Gaertaer* enumerates 

 and describes the four following : the Utricle, the 

 Samara, the Bag, the Coccus. 



The utri- The utricle is a small and bladder-like capsule 

 without valves, consisting of one cell and one seed. 

 Gaertner exemplifies it in Chenopodium and Cle- 

 matis, in which Dr. Smith seems to regard it as 

 being merely a cuticle.-j- But there are, at any 

 rate, other plants in which we must regard it as 

 being something more. In GaUum and most other 

 cases it is said to be tight, that is, closely investing 

 the seed ; but in Adonis and Thalictrum, it is said 

 to be loose, that is, not closely investing the seed. 

 In Amaranthus it bursts horizontally in the 

 * Gcert. De Sera. Introcl. f Smith's In trod. p. 2? 9. 



