SECT. II. APPENDAGES OF THE FRUIT. 185 



in three concentric circles, and form in their ag- 

 gregate aspect a triple crown of threads. 5. Scales, 

 being minute and often membranaceous substances, 

 of a scale-like appearance, found in the flowers of 

 the Grasses, and distinguishable by their extreme 

 fineness and transparency. 



SECTION II. 



Appendages of the Fruit. 



WHEN the flower with its appendages has fallen, When not 

 the ovary which is still immature is left attached 

 to the plant, to complete the object of the fructifica- 

 tion in the ripening of the contained seed. If it is 

 left without any extraneous or supernumerary ap- 

 pendage, which is a case that often occurs, as in the 

 Cherry, Apricot, and Currant, the fruit is said to be 

 naked. The naked fruit however is not to be con- 

 founded with the naked seed, from which it is alto- 

 gether distinct. For it is the want of a conspicuous 

 pericarp that constitutes the naked seed ; but it is 

 the want of an additional integument enveloping 

 the pericarp, that constitutes the naked fruit. 



But all parts of the flower are not always decidu- Remnants 

 ous, and it often happens that one or other of them 

 still continues to accompany the pericarp or seed 

 both in its ripening and ripened state, constituting 

 its appendage, and covering it either wholly or in 

 part, or adhering to it in one shape or other. The 



