1Q2 REPRODUCTIVE APFENDAGES. CHAP. IV. 



Scabiosa y it does certainly somewhat approach the 

 character of a calyx, though still chaff-like and 

 membranaceous. 



The tuft. The tuft is also a hair-like or plume-like appen- 

 dage, resembling the down in form and substance, 

 but differing from it in origin and situation. Seeds 

 surmounted with a tuft are always enclosed in a 

 pericarp, as in Epilobium and Asclepias, which 

 afford good example for illustration ; but seeds sur- 

 mounted with a down have no pericarp. 



The tail. The tail is an elongated and feather-like appen- 

 dage, surmounting, as in the case of the down and 

 tuft, the apex of the seed, but formed of the per- 

 sistent style. It is exemplified in the seeds of 

 Clematis (PL VI. Fig. 12) and Anemone Pulsatilla, 

 in the former of which it is twenty times longer 

 than the seed. 



The beak. The beak is an elongated appendage, formed also 

 of the persistent style, but not feathered. It is 

 exemplified in the genus ScandLv and (Enanthe, 

 and several other of the Umbelltferte. 



The The wing is a broad and membranaceous ap- 



pendage issuing from the side or apex of the seed, 

 but sometimes also surrounding the margin. It is 

 either solitary, as in Swietenia; or in pairs, as in 

 Thapsi-a ; or in threes, as in Moringa ; or in fours, 

 as in Buck- wheat. If it is attached to the margin 

 it is entire, as in Allamanda r ; or emarginate, as in 

 Syringa ; or boat-shaped, as in Marigold ; or blis- 

 tered, as in Cynoglossum omphalodes. 



7 



