6 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 



physiological chemistry, and they suggested or called out the 

 active efforts of many succeeding investigators. Not a few of 

 these men are still living, so young is our science, and it will 

 be sufficient to merely call attention to the names of the more 

 prominent workers who followed the active pioneers. In 

 Germany C. G. Lehmann made many important contributions 

 to the chemistry of the blood and published a text-book of 

 Physiological Chemistry which reached a third edition in 1853. 

 In 1858 F. Hoppe-Seyler published the first edition of his 

 Physiological and Pathological Chemical Analysis, and from 

 1877-81 his Physiological Chemistry in four parts or volumes. 

 This work contributed greatly to our systematic knowledge. 

 C. Voit, since 1863 professor of physiology in Munich, began 

 his valuable studies in nutrition and metabolism about 1856 

 and continued them nearly forty years. W. Kiihne, of Heidel- 

 berg, did much to develop the chemistry of the protein sub- 

 stances, his studies dating from 1859. The pupils of these 

 German scholars are to-day among the most active investi- 

 gators in all fields of physiological chemistry. 



In France, Pasteur must be mentioned in this connection 

 on account of his pioneer investigations on fermentation and 

 ferments, a subject of far-reaching importance. Cl. Bernard 

 investigated the chemistry of the digestive secretions and espe- 

 cially the behavior of sugar in the organism. He published 

 valuable works in 1853 an d I 855, which went through later 

 editions. Somewhat later P. Schuetzenberger, in Paris, made 

 important additions to our knowledge of the chemistry of the 

 protein bodies and published a work on fermentation which 

 for many years ranked as our only systematic treatise on the 

 subject. 



At the present time physiological chemistry has become a 

 recognized department of study in the United States, England 

 and other continental countries as well as in Germany and 

 France, and journals are now published devoted solely to its 

 interests. The rapidly increasing number of investigations 

 published in these journals and elsewhere attest the growing 



