SHIPBOARD SURVEYS OF MARINE BIRDS 



17 



Code 7. Ice Coverage (59 and 67) 



= less than 1 octa (1 octa = 1/8) 



1 = 1 octa 



2 = 2 octas 



3 = 3 octas 



4 = 4 octas 



5 = 5 octas 



6 = 6 octas 



7 = 7 octas 



8 = 8 octas (with openings) 



9 = 8 octas (no openings) 



Code 8. Ice Type (60 and 68) 



1 = New ice 



2 = Fast ice 



3 = Pack or drift ice 



4 = Packed slush or sludge 



5 = Shore ice 



6 = Heavy fast ice 



7 = Heavy pack or drift ice 



8 = Hummocked ice 



9 = Icebergs 



Code 9. Ice Form (61) 



1 = Ice of land origin 



2 = Pancake ice 



3 = Brash ice or ice cakes 



4 = Small ice floes (car-sized) 



5 = Medium ice floes (house-sized) 



6 = Large ice floes (acre-sized) 



7 = Vast ice floes (football-field-sized) 



8 = Giant ice floes 



9 = Fast ice 



Code 10. Ice Relief (62) 



= Level ice 



1 = Rafted ice 



2 = Finger-rafted ice 



3 = Hummocks 



4 = New ridges 



5 = Weathered ridges 



6 = Very weathered ridges 



7 = Aged ridges 



8 = Consolidated ridges 



9 = Standing flow 



Code 11. Ice Thickness (63) 



= less than 5 cm 



1 = 5-9 cm 



2 = 10-19 cm 



3 = 20-29 cm 



4 = 30-39 cm 



5 = 40-59 cm 



6 = 60-89 cm 



7 = 90-149 cm 



8 = 150-249 cm 



9 = Over 250 cm 



Code 13. Tide (69) 



1 = High 



2 = 3/4 outgoing 



3 = 1/2 outgoing 

 4=1/4 outgoing 

 5 = Low 

 6=1/4 incoming 

 7=1/2 incoming 

 8 = 3/4 incoming 



Code 12. Ice Melting Stage (64) 



= No melt 



1 = Discolored ice 



2 = Flooded ice 



3 = Few puddles 



4 = Many puddles 



5 = Puddles with few thaw holes 



6 = Puddles with many thaw holes 



7 = Thaw holes, no puddles 



8 = Rotten ice 



9 = Refrozen or refreezing puddles 



Code 14. Age (32) 



P = Pullus (flightless young) 



J = Hatching year (hatching date to spring molt; a 



bird capable of sustained flight) 

 S = Subadult (last year before adult plumage) 

 A = Adult 



Code 15. Sex (33) 



1 = Male 



2 = Female 



