THE SAND-PLOVERS. 159 



the primaries dark brown on the outer webs and round the tips, 

 with more or less white towards the base of the inner webs ; the 

 shafts white, increasing in extent on the inner ones, and form- 

 ing a distinct patch on the outer web ; the inner secondaries 

 pure white, the innermost long secondaries brown like the 

 back ; lateral upper tail-coverts white, the centre ones brown, 

 like the back ; tail-feathers pale brown, tipped with white, with 

 a sub-terminal black bar, the white increasing towards the outer 

 feathers, the penultimate one being white with a pale brown 

 inner web and a narrow black sub-terminal bar ; the outer- 

 most tail-feather pure white ; crown of head pale brown, separ- 

 ated from the white frontal band by a broad band of black ; a 

 narrow line across the base of the forehead ; lores, sides of 

 face, and ear-coverts black, with a narrow white stripe from 

 above the fore part of the eye to above the ear-coverts; cheeks 

 and sides of neck white, continued in a collar round the hind- 

 neck, followed by an ill-defined blackish collar across the upper 

 mantle ; under surface of body pure white, with a black collar 

 across the fore-neck, widening on the sides of the chest ; under 

 wing-coverts and axillaries white, the lower primary-coverts pale 

 ashy like the quill-lining ; bill black at the end, orange for the 

 rest of its extent ; feet orange ; claws black ; iris brown. Total 

 length, 7 inches; culmen, 07; wing, 5*1; tail, 2-3; tarsus, 

 1-05. 



Adult Female. Not distinguishable from the male. Total 

 length, 77 inches; wing, 5-1. 



Young. Paler than the adults, and distinguished by the pale 

 margins of ashy-buff to the feathers of the upper surface ; ear- 

 coverts brownish-black ; no black band on the fore part of the 

 crown ; the white forehead and eyebrow tinged with buff; band 

 on the fore-neck brown, tinged with buff in the middle, the 

 sides of the collar blackish. 



Range in Great Britain. The Ringed Sand-Plover is found on 

 all the coasts of Great Britain, and breeds everywhere on the 

 beaches. It is also found on the shores of inland lakes, and 

 on migration has been known to occur on wild commons and 

 the banks of rivers far away from the sea. The resident Ringed 

 Sand-Plover of England is a somewhat larger bird than the form 

 inhabiting the continent of Europe, and the late Mr. Seebohm 



