THE TURN-STONES. 177 



accessory scapular plumes white ; entire back below the 

 mantle and rump pure white ; upper tail-coverts black, the 

 longer ones pure white ; lesser wing-coverts blackish, the 

 innermost rather broadly edged with white, as also those near 

 the edge of the wing ; median coverts for the most part chest- 

 nut, slightly mottled with black; greater coverts blackish, 

 narrowly margined and broadly tipped, with white ; bastard- 

 wing and primary-coverts black, the innermost of the latter 

 with white tips ; quills black with white shafts, and white 

 bases to the inner primaries, the secondaries for the most part 

 white, blackish towards the ends of the feathers, these black 

 markings decreasing gradually towards the inner secondaries, 

 some of which are pure white ; the innermost secondaries 

 black, mottled with chestnut, like the scapulars ; tail-feathers 

 black with white bases, all but the centre tail-feathers tipped 

 with white, the black diminishing in size and forming a band 

 towards the outer feathers, which are almost white ; crown of 

 head and hind-neck white, the former streaked, the latter 

 mottled with black ; base of forehead and narrow frontal-line 

 black, followed by a band of white which unites with a broad 

 eyebrow, and is extended over the ear-coverts ; lores white, as 

 well as the fore part of the cheeks ; feathers round the eye and 

 eyelid white, separated from the white loral patch by a narrow 

 line of black, which joins the frontal- band to a square black 

 patch beneath the eye, which is also joined with a malar line 

 of black, which is connected with the sides of the neck and 

 with the fore-neck and sides of breast, all these parts being 

 black, but nearly divided by a semi-lunar band of white, which 

 reaches from the sides of the neck almost to the breast ; 

 throat white, as also the rest of the under surface of body from 

 the centre of the chest downwards ; under wing-coverts and 

 axillaries also pure white ; quills below ashy-whitish along the 

 inner web ; bill black ; feet deep orange-red, claws black ; 

 iris hazel. Total length, 8 inches ; culmen, 0*9 ; wing, 6*2 ; 

 tail, 2-3 ; tarsus, 0-95 ; middle toe and claw, 1*1. 



Adult Female in Breeding Plumage. Much duller than the male, 

 and having the same pattern of black and white about the face; 

 but never developing the same amount of chestnut about the 

 back ; the head and hind-neck being brown, mottled with 

 blackish centres to the feathers. Total length, 8-5 inches ; 



II N 



