SECTION II 

 THE SHOULDER GIRDLE AND UPPER LIMB 



THE upper limb is articulated to the trunk by means of a 

 ball-and-socket joint between the humerus and scapula. The 

 limb is slung to insure as much mobility as possible, the joint 

 being a very loose one, and the scapula is attached to the trunk 

 by muscles between it and the vertebras at the back, and to the 

 clavicle in front. The scapulae and clavicles form what is known 

 as the Shoulder Girdle. 



The bones to be described in the shoulder girdle and upper 

 limb are the following : 



Clavicle, articulated internally to the sternum ; externally, to 

 the acromion process of scapula. 



Scapula, articulated externally to acromial end of clavicle and 

 to head of humerus. 



Humerus, articulated above to glenoid cavity of scapula ; 

 below, to heads of ulna and radius. 



Ulna, articulated above to internal condyle of humerus and to 

 head of radius ; below, to triangular fibro-cartilage of wrist- 

 joint. 



Radius, articulated above to external condyle of humerus and 

 to head of ulna ; below, to the scaphoid and semilunar bones of 

 the carpus. 



Carpus, articulated above to radius ; below, to five metatarsals. 



Metatarsals, articulated above to bones of carpus ; below, to 

 phalanges. 



Phalanges : First row articulated above to metatarsals ; 

 below, to second row of phalanges. 



Second row above, to first row of phalanges ; below, to 

 third row of phalanges. 



