68 HANDBOOK OF ANATOMY 



lower part of the internal malleolus, and by its base to the inner 

 surfaces of the scaphoid, astragalus, and os calcis, in one con- 

 tinuous line. 



The synovia! membrane lines the joint and is continued up into 

 the inferior tibio-fibular joint. Pads of fat are found in front 

 and behind the joint, and in the socket where the three bones 

 meet. 



The Intertarsal Joints are all gliding joints. They are sur- 

 rounded by capsules which are divided into definite bands of 

 fibres, as in the intercarpal joints. There are, however, three 

 ligaments of special importance, as they are mainly responsible 

 for supporting the longitudinal arch of the foot. 



The Inferior Calcaneo-Navicular or Spring ligament is an 

 extremely strong band of fibro-cartilage. It is attached by one 

 end to the sustentaculum tali of the os calcis, and by the other 

 to the plantar surface of the scaphoid. Some of its fibres radiate 

 upwards to join the deltoid ligament. 



The Inferior Calcaneo-Cuboid ligaments are two in number ; 

 the superficial or long plantar ligament is attached by one end to 

 the plantar surface of the os calcis in front of the tuberosities, 

 and by the other to the ridge of the cuboid and passing over 

 the groove to the bases of the third, fourth and fifth meta- 

 tarsals. 



The deep or short plantar ligament is attached to the front of 

 the plantar surface of the os calcis, and to the plantar surface of 

 the cuboid just behind the ridge ; this is a short band of great 

 strength. 



The tarso-metatarsal joints, intermetatarsal joints, metatarso- 

 phalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints all resemble the 

 corresponding joints in the hand; but the movement is very 

 limited, as the foot is for the purpose of supporting the weight 

 of the body, and strength rather than flexibility has to be con- 

 sidered. The toes can be spread to a certain extent, constituting 

 abduction and adduction at the metatarso-phalangeal joints. 

 This movement takes place about a line drawn through the 

 second toe, not the middle one. Inversion the movement of 

 raising the inner border of the foot and eversion raising the 

 outer border of the foot has already been described. This can 



