208 HANDBOOK OF ANATOMY 



9. The Glosso-Pharyng'eal nerve emerges from the surface 

 of the medulla oblongata, and passes through the jugular 

 foramen with the pneumogastric and spinal accessory nerves. 

 It passes down between the internal carotid artery and the 

 jugular vein, then between the internal and external carotid 

 arteries, and passes inwards to reach the tongue. The nerve 

 supplies the stylo-pharyngeus muscle and the mucous membrane 

 of the tongue and pharynx. 



10. The Pneumogfastric or VagUS nerve emerges from the 

 surface of the medulla oblongata, and passes through the 

 jugular foramen with the glosso-pharyngeal and spinal ac- 

 cessory nerves. The nerve lies in the carotid sheath lying 

 between the artery and the jugular vein. It then enters the 

 thorax behind the large veins (on the right side it crosses the 

 subclavian artery, on the left it Ties between the common carotid 

 and subclavian arteries and crosses the arch of the aorta). As 

 the nerves cross the arteries they each give off the recurrent 

 laryngeal branches the one hooking round the subclavian 

 artery, and the other round the arch of the aorta. The nerve 

 then passes behind the root of the lung, where it breaks up 

 into branches to form the posterior pulmonary plexus, from 

 which it sends two branches to join with similar ones from 

 the other nerve to form a plexus in front of the oesophagus. 

 A branch from the left nerve then passes down in front of the 

 oesophagus, one from the right behind the oesophagus, and 

 terminates by supplying the stomach and other abdominal 

 organs. 



The pneumogastric nerve supplies 



In the neck laryngeal and cardiac branches. 



In the thorax laryngeal, pulmonary, and cesophageal 

 branches. 



In the abdomen stomach and branches to the coeliac, 

 splenic, renal, and hepatic plexuses. 



11. The Spinal Accessory nerve is formed in two parts one 

 in the medulla oblongata, the other from the spinal cord the 

 two roots unite to form one trunk, which passes through the 

 jugular foramen with the glosso-pharyngeal and pueumogastric 



