SURFACE MARKINGS 



The prominences of the knuckles are formed by the heads of 

 the metacarpal bones. 



Anteriorly, the metacarpo-phalangeal articulations are situated 

 | inch above the level of the web of the fingers. 



The course of the radial artery is indicated by a line drawn 

 from the bifurcation of the brachial artery to the tubercle of the^ 

 scaphoid. 



The upper third of the ulnar artery follows a curved line from 

 the bifurcation of the brachial artery to the inner side of the- 

 anterior surface of the forearm ; the lower two-thirds are on a 

 line drawn from the front of the internal condyle to the pisiform 

 bone. The course of the ulnar nerve corresponds to the whole of 

 that line. 



The median nerve may be mapped out by a line drawn from a 

 point midway between the mid-point of the bend of the elbow 

 and the internal condyle to a point midway between the two 

 styloid processes. 



The radial nerve follows the radial artery in the upper part of 

 its course ; at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the 

 forearm it winds round beneath supinator longus to the back of 

 the forearm. 



The summit of the superficial palmar arch is on the mid-point 

 of a line drawn from the lowest transverse crease on the wrist to 

 the root of the middle finger. The deep arch lies transversely 

 midway between the lower border of the anterior annular 

 ligament and the superficial arch. 



The Lower Extremity. 



The buttock extends from the crest of the ilium above to the- 

 gluteal fold below. The highest point of the iliac crest is on a 

 level with the fourth lumbar spine ; the anterior superior spine of 

 the ilium limits the groin externally ; the posterior superior spine^ 

 indicated on the surface by a dimple, is on a level with the 

 second sacral spine, and corresponds to the middle of the sacro- 

 iliac joint. A hand's breadth below the tubercle of the crest 

 is the great trochanter of the femur, which is best felt if the 

 limb is slightly abducted and rotated. 



Nelaton's line, drawn from the anterior superior spine of the- 



