310 HANDBOOK OF BRITISH MOSSES. 



On subalpine rocks. Bearing fruit in early summer. 



Extremely variable in habit, the size and direction of the 

 leaves, etc., but always distinguishable from the last by its 

 rufous, opaque, papillose leaves, which are frequently more or 

 less secund, even in plants where many are spreading. 



Found in all parts of the world. 



** Leaves nerved. 



3. A. Rothii, Web. fy Mohr ; monoicous ; stems short, 

 fastigiate ; leaves spreading, curved or falcate at the tip, ovate 

 below, subulate above, even, opaque; nerve reaching to the 

 apex; perichsetial leaves rather short, elliptic, convolute. 

 Hook. % mis. t. viii.; Eng. Bot. t. 2162. ; (Plate 2, fig. 7) ; 

 Moug. Nest. n.llQ. 



On alpine and subalpine rocks. Bearing fruit in early 

 summer. 



Varying like the last in the direction of the leaves, which 

 exhibit different shades of brown, sometimes so dark as to be 

 almost black; nerve predominant towards the apex; leaf- 

 cells of the disk larger than those towards the margin. 



Schimper considers this to be the true Jungermannia ru- 

 pestris of Linnaeus ; others think that it is A. petrophila. 



4. A. nivalis, Hook. ; dioicous ; stems elongated, fastigiate, 

 falcate above ; leaves falcato -secund, papillose, opaque ; leaf- 

 cells quadrate ; perichsetial leaves resembling the cauline; veil 

 very small. Hook, ty Wils. t. viii.; Eng. Bot. t. 2334. 



On high alpine rocks. Scotland and Wales. Bearing fruit, 

 but rarely, in summer. 



The dioicous inflorescence, the conformity of the periehsetial 

 leaves to those of the stem, the laxer reticulations, which are 

 quadrate to the very base, and other points abundantly dis- 

 tinguish this from the last. There are frequently more than 

 four valves to the sporangium. 



