ORTHOSIA] CARADRINIDAE 61 



streak. Forewings yellow, sprinkled with ferruginous ; veins 

 ferruginous ; subbasal, first, median, and second lines ferru- 

 ginous, with a few blaekisli seales; orbicular and reniform 

 outlined with ferruginous ; subterminal line pale, obscurely 

 ferruginous-edged anteriorly. Hindwings yellow-whitish. 



England, Roxburgh, the Hebrides, E. Ireland, not uncom- 

 mon ; N. and C. Europe ; 8, 9. Larva brown-grey or pinkish- 

 brown ; dorsal and subdorsal lines pale, latter edged above 

 with blackish marks; spiracular area grey-whitish, edged above 

 with black marks : on lime (Tilia) ; 5, 6. 



4. 0. aurago, /''. 31-35 mm. Forewings orange - yello w ; 

 basal, pracsubterminal, and terminal spaces light purplish ; 

 median line ill-marked, ferruginous ; orbicular and reuiform more 

 or less marked with purple and ferruginous. Hindwings light 

 yellowish, darker terminally ; a subterminal purplish suffusion. 



England to York, local ; C. Europe ; 9, 10. Larva brownish ; 

 dorsal, subdorsal, and spiracular lines pale greyish-ochreous ; 

 tubercular dots pale ; head ochreous : on beech ; 5, 6. 



5. 0. flavago, F. (silayo, Hb.) 30-35 mm. Thorax yellow, 

 collar fuscous -purplish. Forewings deep yellow ; some pur- 

 plish dots anteriorly ; a greyish-purple costal blotch towards 

 base; median shade greyish-purple, interrupted, followed by 

 a purplish suffusion on lower half ; second line edged with 

 greyish-purple, followed by a greyish-purple costal blotch ; sub- 

 terminal indicated by a row of dark grey dots. Hindwings 

 yellow- whitish, sometimes dorsally greyish-tinged ; a faint grey 

 postmedian line. 



Britain to Caledonian Canal, N. and E. Ireland, common ; 

 C. Europe, WC. and N. Asia; 9, 10. Larva dull pinkish- 

 ochreous, crown-freckled ; dorsal line pale, indistinct, darker- 

 edged ; spiracular pale, rather broad ; plate of 2 dark brown, 

 with three pale lines : in catkins (and on leaves) of Salix 

 caprea; 4-6. 



6. 0. fulvago, L. (cerayo, F.) 33-37 mm. Forewings pale 

 yellow ; median line and margins of first and second lines 

 variably marked with purplish-fuscous and suffused with light 

 ferruginous, forming blotches towards costa; orbicular and 

 reniform outlined with ferruginous and brown, lower end of 

 reniform grey; subterminal line indicated by two series of dots, 

 first blackish, second pale ferruginous. Hindwings ochreous- 

 white. 



Britain to Caledonian Canal, N. and E. Ireland, common ; 

 N. and C. Europe, N. Asia ; 8, 9. Larva pinkish-brown, darker- 



