176 CARADRININA [OCNERIA 



blackish-fuscous orbicular dot, and curved discal mark. Hind- 

 wings in ( ochreous-brownish, terminally suffused with fus- 

 cous, in $ whitish, with faint fuscous subterminal line ; a 

 fuscous discal mark. 



Recorded from SE. and EC. England to Lancashire, but 

 probably no longer resident in a wild state ; C. and S. Europe, 

 C. Asia, N. Africa ; 8. Larva grey or ochreous, densely irro- 

 rated with blackish ; two dorsal spots on 2-6 deep blue, on 

 7-12 red; a lateral row of reddish spots: on apple, hawthorn, 

 poplar, etc. ; 5-7. Also sometimes very injurious on the Con- 

 tinent. 



2. NOTODONTINA. 



Maxillary palpi obsolete. Fore wings : Ib usually furcate 

 but with lower fork often weak or tending to be obsolete, Ic 

 absent, 5 rising not nearer to 4 than to 6, parallel, 7 and 8 out 

 of 9 (rarely one of these absent through coincidence, 7 in 

 Catadysme apparently but not truly separate, 9 in Poly- 

 plocidae sometimes apparently out of 10). Hindwings almost 

 always with frenulum, Ic absent. 



The group is very extensive, there being several exotic 

 families in addition to the nine occurring in Britain. 



Imago with forewings more or less broad- triangular ; hind- 

 wings broad-ovate. 



Type of markings : Forewings with four transverse lines, 

 viz. first, median, second, and subterminal, and a discal mark 

 or spot, placed on transverse vein. Hindwings with similar 

 markings, but first line usually absent. In the Hydrio- 

 menidae this type undergoes some modification, which makes 

 it convenient to use a different phraseology, explained under 

 the head of that family. 



Pupa with segments 9-1 1 free ; not protruded from cocoon 

 in emergence. 



The phylogeny is sufficiently indicated in the accompanying- 

 diagram, into which it has been necessary to introduce two 

 exotic families (in brackets), to explain the connection. In 

 reference to these, it should be understood that the Bom- 

 bycidae are not the family sometimes called by that name 

 in Britain (the Lasiocampidae, which will be found in the next 

 group), but that of which the familiar silk - worm moth 

 (Bombyx mori) forms the type. It must also be noted that 

 although the Polyplocidae and Sphingidae are conveniently 

 stated to be derived from the Notodontidae, they in fact 



