268 NOTODONTINA [ABRAXAS 



Britain to the Hebrides, Ireland, abundant; N. and C. 

 Europe, WC. and N. Asia, Japan ; 7-8. Larva ochreous- 

 whitish ; a dorsal series of large broken black spots ; subdorsal 

 and lateral series of small black spots ; spiracular line orange ; 

 head blackish : on gooseberry and currant (Jtibes), blackthorn, 

 etc. ; 9-5. 



[A. pantaria, L., a South European species nearly resembling 

 A. sylvata, but with orange head, all grey markings much 

 reduced, and cilia wholly white, has been recorded from 

 Somerset and I. of Man, but there is little doubt that exceptional 

 varieties of A. sylvata, were mistaken for it]. 



2. A. sylvata, Sc. (ulmata, F.) 36-43 mm. Head dark 

 fuscous. Thorax and abdomen dull orange spotted with 

 blackish. Forewings ochreous-white ; a fuscous and orange 

 basal patch mixed with metallic grey ; second line forming a 

 sinuate double series of orange-brown and grey spots ending in 

 an orange and brown dorsal blotch marked with a wavy grey 

 streak ; a discal blotch and irregular terminal streak grey ; 

 sometimes a median series of grey spots ; cilia mostly grey. 

 Hind wings with colour and second line as in forewings ; a grey 

 discal spot. 



Britain to the Hebrides, Ireland, common ; C. Europe, Asia, 

 Japan ; 6, 7. Larva bluish -white, with eleven black lines ; 

 head black : on elm ; 8, 9. This widely-ranging species varies 

 much geographically and seasonally; Indian and Chinese forms 

 are often very large, Japanese usually have the dark markings 

 strongly developed. 



3. A. adustata, Schif. 23-25 mm. Head and thorax dark 

 fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Forewings ochreous-white ; first 

 line curved, blackish, limiting a dark ashy-fuscous basal patch; 

 median sometimes indicated by dots ; second angulate-sinuate, 

 grey edged with ochreous- brown, followed by an ashy-grey 

 band mixed with dark fuscous; postsubterminal partly 

 brownish-ochreous, mixed with dark grey ; a grey discal dot. 

 Hindwings ochreous-white ; second lines and margins of sub- 

 terminal pale grey ; a dark grey discal dot. 



England, Arran, Hebrides, Ireland, common; 0. and S. 

 Europe, Asia Minor; 5-7. Larva green ; 6-8, 11, 12 with 

 elongate red dorsal spots, edged on sides with black and then 

 with white; 6, 7, 10, 11 with lateral red and yellow spots; 

 subdorsal and spiracular lines slender, white ; head reddish : 

 on Euonymus ; 6, 8, 9. 



4. A. marginata, L. 22-26 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen 



