GASTROPACHA] LASIOCAMPIDAE 325 



2. G. ilicifolia, L. 35-40 mm. Forewings with 9 to apex ; 

 brownish-ferruginous, slightly whitish-sprinkled ; first and second 

 lines dark grey, waved, interrupted, curved near costa ; a dark 

 grey discal mark, preceded by a whitish suffusion ; a broad 

 terminal band of whitish irroration, including a darker inter- 

 rupted line, not reaching costa ; cilia white, barred with dark 

 ferruginous. Hindwings purplish-fuscous ; two suffused whitish 

 bands ; 8 connected with 7, with one or two pseudoneuria. 



Stafford, York, local and now scarce ; C. Europe, 'NW. Asia ; 

 4, 5. Larva grey or reddish, hairs reddish ; dorsal line black, 

 interrupted with reddish, edged with whitish ; lateral blue-grey, 

 interrupted : on Vaccinivm and Salix ; 7, 8. 



4. PAPILIONINA. 



Head rough -haired. Ocelli absent. Tongue developed. 

 Antennae slender, dilated apically, forming a gradual or abrupt 

 club. Labial palpi moderately long, more or less rough-haired, 

 terminal joint rather pointed. Maxillary palpi obsolete. 

 Thorax more or less hairy. Forewings : Ib simple, Ic absent, 

 5 usually from or above middle of transverse vein. Hindwings 

 without frenulum ; Ic absent, 3 and 4 usually connate, 8 rising 

 out of cell near base, rapidly diverging. 



Although a most extensive group, by far the greater proportion 

 of species occur within the tropics, especially in S. America, 

 where they are excessively numerous, a single valley sometimes 

 containing as many species as the whole of Europe ; in New 

 Zealand and the Pacific Islands there are extremely few. All 

 the species fly by day, and usually in hot sunshine. Imago 

 with more or less slender body, broad-triangular fore wings, and 

 broad-ovate hindwings. From their bright colours and diurnal 

 habits these insects are favourites with beginners, and are 

 popularly regarded as forming, under the name of " butterflies," 

 a group of equal systematic value to the whole of the other 

 Lepidoptera, which are termed " moths " ; but there is no 

 scientific justification for such a division. In repose the wings 

 are usually erected and appressed together above the back, 

 thus exposing the under-surface to view ; hence the colouring of 

 this, instead of following the type of the upper surface, is often 

 highly specialised with a view to concealment, except the disc of 

 the forewings, which is then generally hidden by the hindwings. 



Type of markings theoretically as in the Notodontina, but the 

 lines are so often converted into bands or rows of spots or largely 



