346 PAPILIONINA [CHRYSOPHANUS 



4. C. astrarche, Bgstr. (medon, Esp. ; agestis, Hb. ; arta- 

 xerxes, F.) 23-28 mm. Wings dark iridescent fuscous; a 

 subterminal series of deep orange spots, sometimes obsolete ; 

 forewings with a black discal mark, sometimes white-edged or 

 wholly white. Wings beneath pale brown ; discal mark, three 

 anterior spots of hindwings, and a postmedian series black, 

 broadly white-ringed, sometimes wholly white ; a subterminal 

 series of orange spots, edged first with black and then with 

 white. 



Britain to Aberdeen, somewhat local ; Europe, N. and WC. 

 Asia, N. Africa ; 5, 6, 8. From Durham northwards the white- 

 spotted variety (artaxerxes) prevails. Larva green ; dorsal line 

 pink or purple-brown; spiracular rosy-pink; head black: on 

 Helianthemum and Erodium ; 7, 9-4. Pupa sometimes un- 

 attached. 



5. C. phlaeas, L. 26-33 mm. Forewings bright deep coppery- 

 orange ; antemedian and discal spots, and a postmedian series 

 black ; costa and narrow terminal fascia dark fuscous. Hind- 

 wings dark fuscous ; a terminal coppery -orange fascia, edged 

 with rows of blackish-spots, sometimes preceded by pale bluish 

 dots. Forewings beneath as above, but borders pale brownish, 

 an additional black spot near base. Hindwings beneath pale 

 brownish ; four anterior dots and a postmedian series darker ; 

 a reddish-orange subterminal suffusion. The orange colour is 

 sometimes much suffused with dark fuscous, or rarely replaced 

 by shining whitish. 



Britain to Caledonian Canal, Ireland, common ; Europe, N. 

 and WC. Asia, Japan, N. Africa, N. America; 5-8. Larva 

 green ; dorsal line faintly brownish ; spiracular sometimes rosy- 

 pink ; head pale brownish : on Rumex; 6-4. Pupa attached by 

 the tail and a central belt. 



6. C. dispar, Hw. (hippothoe, Lew.) 40-48 mm. Forewings 

 deep coppery-orange, costa posteriorly and terminal fascia (in 



c very narrow) dark fuscous ; antemedian and discal spots (in 

 $ small) and in $ a postmedian series blackish. Hindwings 

 coppery -orange, in $ suffused with dark fuscous except on 

 veins and a subterminal fascia; a blackish discal mark; a 

 waved dark fuscous terminal streak. Forewings beneath 

 orange ; three spots and a postmedian series black, pale- 

 ringed ; a terminal whitish fascia. Hindwings beneath ochre- 

 ous- grey -whitish, basally bluish ; discal mark, five anterior 

 spots, and a postmedian series black, white-ringed ; an orange 

 fascia before termen, edged with black dots. 



