536 TOKTRICINA [TORTRIX 



27. Expanse 18 mm. or more; 6 and 7 of hindwings 



usually separate . 17. chrysanthemana. 

 16 mm. or less; 6 and 7 of hind wings 



stalked . . .19. incertana. 



28. Costa gently arched, forewings uniform fuscous 



2 1 . abrasana. 

 moderately arched, forewings irrorated with 



whitish-ochreous, often fasciated 22. pascuana. 



1. T. forskaleana, L. 11-14 mm. Forewings suboblong, 7 

 to apex ; pale yellowish, sharply reticulated with ferruginous- 

 orange, somewhat mixed with dark fuscous; a dark fuscous 

 oblique stria from middle of costa, meeting a variable sometimes 

 obsolete fuscous dorsal blotch, containing two small black scale- 

 tufts ; a dark fuscous terminal streak. Hindwings whitish- 

 yellowish, more or less fuscous-tinged posteriorly. 



England to York, common ; C. and SE. Europe ; 7, 8. Larva 

 pale yellow ; head and plate of 2 greenish- tinged : on maple ; 6. 



2. T. bergmanniana, L. 13-14 mm. Thorax crested. Fore- 

 wings suboblong, 7 to termen ; yellow, reticulated and partly 

 suffused with ferruginous -orange, basal third clearer; costa 

 and a subbasal stria ferruginous-brown ; two transverse streaks 

 before and beyond middle, and a terminal streak pale shining 

 grey -purplish, ferruginous -edged; a small black scale-tuft on 

 fold in middle. Hindwings grey. 



Britain to Caledonian Canal, Ireland, very common ; N. 

 and C. Europe, N. America ; 6, 7. Larva yellow or yellowish- 

 green ; head and plate of 2 black : on rose ; 5. 



3. T. bifasciana, Hb. (audouinana, Dup.) 12-13 mm. Fore- 

 wings suboblong, rather elongate, dark fuscous ; several thick 

 leaden-metallic transverse streaks; some small scale-tufts in disc ; 

 an irregular sometimes incomplete fascia in middle, and an apical 

 spot yellow-ochreous. Hindwings rather dark grey. 



SE. England to Dorset and Essex, local ; WC. Europe ; 6. 



4. T. ministrana, L. 17-22 mm. Head dark fuscous. Thorax 

 ferruginous -ochreous, with large crest. Forewings narrowed 

 anteriorly, pale ochreous ; base of costa, a more or less developed 

 very large triangular often pale-centred dorsal suffusion, and 

 terminal streak deep ferruginous; cilia dark ferruginous-fuscous 

 Hindwings grey, termen darker. 



Britain to Sutherland, N. Ireland, very common ; N. and 

 C. Europe, N. Asia, N. America ; 5, 6. Larva light green ; 

 head brown : on hazel and birch ; 8, 9. 



5. T. conwayana, F. 11-15 mm. Thorax crested. Fore- 



