.SWAMMEKDAMIAj TINEIDAE 769 



3. Cilia of forewings distinctly coppery-tinged 5. pyrella. 



not coppery . .4. 



4. Fascia reaching costa ; thorax fuscous . 3. Lutarea. 



not reaching costa; thorax whitish '2. heroldella. 



1. S. combinella, lib. (cwnptdla, Hb. ; apicella, Don.) 15-16 

 mm. I lead white, sometimes fuscous-mixed. Forewings light 

 greyish -ochreous more or less irrorated with white; base of 

 dorsum fuscous; several longitudinal series of dark fuscous 

 murks; a roundish golden -ochreous apical spot, partly edged 

 anteriorly with dark fuscous; apical cilia fuscous, with two 

 black lines. 



Britain to Roxburgh, Ireland (except N.), common ; C. 

 Europe, Asia Minor ; 5, 6. Larva dull green ; dorsal line 

 darker; subdorsal series of dull red dots; head yellowish-brown: 

 several together in a common web on blackthorn ; 7-9. 



2. S. heroldella, lib. (<jriseocapitella, Stt.; nanivwa, Stt.) 

 11-12 mm. Head white, sometimes suffused with fuscous. 

 Thorax white, usually sprinkled or suffused with fuscous. 

 Forewings white, closely irrorated with fuscous, dorsum usually 

 paler ; some longitudinal series of indistinct dark fuscous dots ; 

 a dark fuscous fascia before middle, not reaching costa ; a white 

 costal spot towards apex ; cilia darker, with two dark fuscous 

 lines. Hind wings grey. 



Britain to the Orkneys, N. Ireland, local; N. and C. Europe; 

 5, 6, 8. Larva pale green ; dorsal and subdorsal darker ; head 

 yellow-brown; 2 grey - speckled : on birch; 7,9. The larva 

 appears to have also a brown form, and sometimes a black 

 head. 



3. S. lutarea, Hw. (oxyacanthella, Dup.) 11-13 mm. Head 

 white, sometimes ochreous-tinged. Thorax fuscous, sometimes 

 whitish-sprinkled. Forewings fuscous-whitish, closely irrorated 

 with dark fuscous ; some longitudinal series of indistinct dark 

 fuscous dots ; a dark fuscous entire fascia before middle ; a 

 white costal spot before apex ; cilia fuscous, with two darker 

 lines. Hindwings fuscous. 



England, common ; C. Europe ; 7. Larva deep brown ; 

 subdorsal line white, orange-spotted ; spiracular white, on 5-1 2 

 orange-spotted above ; head ochreous-brown, blackish-marked : 

 when young several together in a common web, afterwards 

 singly on hawthorn and Pyrus aucuparia; 9-5. The larva 

 hibernates in a cocoon when half-grown ; it is sometimes partly 

 greenish, or is without the subdorsal lines. 



4. S. caesiella, Hb. (smmelta, Hb.) 10-12 mm. Head white. 



3 D 



