HEPIALIDAE 



799 



It is probably of Indo- Malayan origin, and must have existed 

 in that region long enough to acquire fixity of type before its 

 dispersal, which, geologically speaking, may not have been 

 exceedingly remote. 



1. HEPIALUS, F. 



Antennae J-J-, in $ lamellate or simple. Palpi short, droop- 

 ing, hairy. Posterior tibiae 

 usually densely rough-haired, 

 in $ sometimes with long pro- 

 jecting tuft above. Fore- 

 wings : 7 from angle, 8 

 remote, 9 and 10 stalked. 

 Hind wings as fore wings, 8 

 seldom connate or stalked 

 with 7. 



A genus of universal dis- 

 tribution, but not very 

 numerous in species. Ovum 

 spheroidal, smooth. Larva 

 elongate, active, subter- 

 ranean, feeding on roots, 

 often living two years. Pupa 

 subterranean, with segmental whorls of spines, enabling it to 

 move actively and rise to the surface before emergence. 



1. Forewings with two series of yellowish-silvery spots 



1. hectus . 

 ,, without such spots . . .2. 



2. Cilia conspicuously barred . . 3. velleda. 



,, not barred . . . . .3. 



3. Hindwings towards apex reddish-tinged . 4. sylvinus. 



,, not reddish-tinged . . .4. 



4. Forewings pale yellow-ochreous or white . 5. humuli. 



brownish-ochreous or fuscous . . 5. 



5. Fasciae of forewings pale fuscous . .1. hectus $ . 



,, ,, whitish or obsolete . 2. lupulinus. 



1. H. hectus, L. 26-30 mm. Antennae in $ simple. Posterior 

 tibiae in $ short, much swollen, with dense tuft of hairs, 

 posterior tarsi in $ absent. Forewings in $ deep reddish- 

 golden -ochreous, with a basal spot, antemedian series of four 

 adjacent spots not reaching costa, postmedian irregular inter- 

 rupted series of about ten spots, and sometimes some small 

 terminal spots yellowish-silvery ; in 9 fuscous, with pale fusc- 



Neurntion of Hepiulus humuli ; a, posterior 

 leg of <J. 



