THE CODLIN MOTH. 47 



fruit, when both the apple and the grub are at a more 

 advanced stage, thus conveying the impression of a 

 second brood. Mathew Cooke, in his very valuable 

 work, states distinctly that from personal observations 

 he knows the rule for the Sacramento Valley is three 

 broods each year. The same hardworking and accom- 

 plished writer says that in 1881, on account of the early 

 appearance of the first moths, they had four broods. 

 These facts explain the exceptional importance of this 

 insect in California. 



The experiment, also, as mentioned by Mr. Oliff, 

 seems to have proved beyond the shadow of a doubt the 

 presence of two broods at least in New South Wales. 

 Mr. Oliff says "Early in December, 1889, I obtained a 

 number of apples from Goulburn, containing fully-grown 

 larvae. These larvae spun their cocoons at the side of the 

 box in which I had placed them almost immediately, and 

 in fifteen days the first moth made its appearance. I 

 afterwards succeeded in obtaining fertile eggs from this 

 moth, and in rearing some of the progeny, the earliest of 

 which emerged from the pupa on 6th March of the 

 present year. This observation established the fact that 

 with us (New South Wales) the Codlin Moth is certainly 

 double-brooded, and I am inclined to think, from the fact 

 that the second generation of my Goulburn moths 

 appeared as early as the month of March that we may 

 have three broods in a year." Mr. Lang, of Harcourt, 

 Victoria, is, however, amongst those who hold the opinion 

 of the single brood, he having made some very useful 

 observations bearing upon same. 



Such matters, although of great importance to all who 

 are connected with fruit-growing, can only be ascertained 

 by a long and patient study of the insects themselves, and 

 this often means a lot of time, which, though it would be 

 well spent, is not always at the disposal of those who 

 would like to undertake it, as evening and the early 

 morning are the only ( ?) times when the habits of these 

 moths can be properly observed that is while in their 

 natural state. 



