16 



of muscles Uncertainty of microscopic observations on the 

 ultimate fibre. 



Muscles are formed in and by the cellular tissue, and may be re- 

 duced to simple cellular tissue by disease or accident 

 Illustration from the history of fractured limbs. 



LECTURE IX. 

 Of the Alimentary Canal and Locomotive Apparatus. 



Structure of the Alimentary Canal. 



Alimentary canal an extension of the skin Its form and length 

 Layers of true skin Their arrangement in the alimen- 

 tary canal Mucous coat Fibrous coat, miscalled the ner- 

 vous coat Cutaneous muscles Muscles of alimentary 

 canal. 



The stomach The pylorus Effects of over-distension from 

 eating or drinking Intemperance in the use of cold water 

 Anecdote Remark on diet in childhood. 



Connections of the alimentary canal. 



Structure and arrangement of PERITONEUM or serous membrane 

 of the abdomen. 



Remarks on serous membranes those of the chest PLEURA* 

 PERICARDIUM that of the head; ARACHNOID or spider-web 

 membrane Accidental serous membranes Anecdote. 



Secretory glands and ducts connected with the alimentary canal 

 Salivary, Bilious, 8?c. Ducts formed like the canal 

 Universality of the mucous and dense cellular coats Fre- 

 quency of the muscular coat. 



Accidental passages similarly constructed; hence the proof that 

 the body is every where closed within an envelop of skin, 

 internally and externally. 



Transmutation of skin into mucous membrane, and the reverse 

 Medicinal and injurious effects of India rubber and oiled 

 silk clothing Remarks on excoriations and soft corns 

 Resemblance between man and a zoophyte Uniformity 

 of the plan of animal organisation. 



LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS Necessity for a solid skeleton in ani- 

 mals of somewhat complex structure. 



