PLANS FOR BOTANICAL WORK. 65 



XXIII. Study those plants that bloom before thei** leaves 

 appear; those whose flowers and leaves appear to- 

 g-ether; try to understand the advantage of such 

 habits. 



XXIV. See why insects visit flowers, how they are at- 

 tracted, of what use they are to the plant, and what 

 various mutual adaptations have taken place. Note 

 whether insects visit only certain flowers, or any in- 

 discriminately; find out whether they can distin- 

 guish colors or the fragrance of blossoms. Note how 

 cross-fertilization is also carried on in other w r ays, by 

 wind, birds, etc. 



XXV. Study the pliyllotaxy, not alone of trees, but also 

 of shrubs and herbs, as well as flower-clusters and 

 fruits. Those who take pleasure in mathematical 

 problems will find some here in Nature's workshop 

 that will give them plenty to do. Make lists of your 

 findings. 



XXVI. Monoecious and Dioecious plants; make lists; 

 note their places of growth, how far the latter are 

 often apart, and by what means the pollen is carried. 



XXVII. Winged fruits. 



XXVIII. Plants injurious to man. 



XXIX. Aquatic plants; foliage, time and manner of flowr 

 ering, etc. 



XXX. Effects of cultivation on plants. 



XXXI. Watch the development of the fruit from the 

 flower through its various stages in the cherry, 

 apple, rose, grape, maple, pea, bean, walnut, corn, 

 etc. 



