VITAL STATISTICS. 359 



Alcohol and Longevity. Investigation by Baer has shown that the 

 average expectation of life among users and dealers in alcoholic liquors 

 is very much shortened. The following table gives a comparative view of 

 the expectation of life in those who abstained from and those who used 

 alcohol : 



EXPECTATION OF LIFE. 



AGE. ABSTAINERS. ALCOHOL USERS 



At 25, 32.08 years, 26.23 years. 



"' 35, 25.92 " 20.01 " 



" 45 J 9.92 " * i$.i9 " 



" 55' '4-45 " "- 16 " 



" 65, 9.62 " 8.04 " 



TABLE SHOWING THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL UPON THE 

 MORTALITY FROM VARIOUS DISEASES. 



GENERAL MALE POPULATION. ALCOHOL VENDERS. 



Brain disease, 11.77 P er cent - r 4-43 per cent. 



Tuberculosis, 30.36 " 36.57 " 



Pneumonia and pleuritis, 9.63 " H-44 " 



Heart disease, 1.46 " 3.29 " 



Kidney disease, 1.40 " 2.11 " 



Suicide, 2.99 " 4.02 " 



Cancer, 2.49 " 3.70 " 



Old age, 22.49 " 7-5 " 



