216 PHYSIOLOGY OF ALIMENTATION. 



a surgical procedure for the . production of a "permanent" 

 pancreatic fistula which has stood the test of time, and upon 

 which our modern knowledge of the activity of the pancreas 

 is largely based. PAWLOW'S method is as follows: An oval 

 piece containing the orifice of the pancreatic duct is cut out of 

 the duodenum, and the opening in the intestine is closed by a 

 row ofjutures. The isolated piece of intestine is then carried 

 ~ up into the wound in the abdominal w r all and sutured there 

 with the mucous membrane directed outward. At the end 

 of two weeks the animals may be used for study. When the 

 wound has healed, it shows a roundish elevation of the mucous 

 membrane, in the centre of which the cleft-like orifice of the 

 pancreatic duct is clearly visible. By supporting the animal 

 in a suitable frame the pancreatic juice may now be collected 

 directly into a graduated cylinder as it drops from the duct, 

 or if the juice tends to spread over the abdominal wall a funnel 

 may be strapped over the opening of the duct. If only care 

 be taken to keep the fistulous opening clean, to avoid macera- 

 tion of the skin by allowing the animal to lie in sand or saw- 

 dust which absorbs the pancreatic juice, and to supply the 

 animal with proper food, the dog operated upon in the way 

 indicated may be kept for months and even years in a healthy 

 condition. 



More recently the operation of PAWLOW and HEIDENHAIN 

 has been much improved by FODERA 1 who succeeded in caus- 

 ing a T-shaped metallic cannula to heal into the pancreatic duct. 

 In this way the pancreatic juice may be collected either ex- 

 ternally or, by closing the outer opening, be diverted into 

 the lumen of the intestine. Thus the deleterious effects of 

 the constant loss of pancreatic juice, necessary in PAWLOW 

 and HEIDENHAIN'S operation, is prevented during those periods 

 when the animal is not being used for experimental purposes. 

 2. The Effect of Diet on Pancreatic Secretion. In a dog 

 in which a pancreatic fistula has been created by either the 



1 FODERA: Moleschott's Untefrsuchungen zur Naturlehre d. Menschen 

 undd.Tiere, 1896, XVI. 





