CHAPTER XIII. 



THE REGULATION OF THE BILIARY AND INTESTINAL 

 SECRETIONS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BILE. 



i. The Secretion of Bile. In discussing the question of 

 the secretion of bile we must distinguish between the forma- 

 tion of the bile in the liver, together with its collection in 

 the gall-bladder, and the flow of the bile into the intestinal 

 canal. The two processes go on independently of each other, 

 and the older experiments made by producing a fistula of the 

 gall-bladder give us an insight only into the first of these 

 questions. What determines the flow of bile into the intestinal 

 canal ? 



This question has recently been investigated by BRUNO and 

 KLADNizKi, 1 who have succeeded in turning the orifice of the 

 gall-duct outwards in such a way that the bile flows out 

 upon the skin. This they accomplish by cutting out of the 

 intestine the orifice of the duct with its surrounding mucous 

 membrane and suturing the latter to the serous coat of the 

 duodenum. The entire loop of intestine is then sewed into 

 the abdominal wound. 



Contrary to the older observations made on gall-bladder 

 fistula it has been found that the bile does not flow into the 

 intestine all the time. The secretion of bile is intimately 

 connected with taking food and does not begin until a definite 

 time has elapsed after partaking of a meal. The length 

 of this latent period differs with the different kinds of food. 

 The secretion continues as long as the period of digestion, 



1 BRUNO and KLADNIZKI: PAWLOW'S Work of the Digestive Glands. 

 Translated by THOMPSON. London, 1902, p. 155. BRUNO: Review 

 in Jahresber. d. Thierchemie XXVII, p. 441. 



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