RESPIRATION 



215 



TOPICAL OUTLINE 



TRACHEA . . 



LARYNX 



LUNGS 



EXPIRATION 



CHANGES 



Structure . 



Rings. . . . 

 Bronchi . . . 



Bronchial 

 tubes 



Cartilaginous rings. 

 Fibrous tissue. 



Lined with ciliated epithelium. 

 C-shaped. 



Complete in front. Incomplete behind- 

 Connected by fibrous tissue. 

 Right and left. 



In structure similar to trachea. 

 Rings of cartilage very imperfect. 

 Cartilage disappears in smallest tubes, 

 which terminate in groups of air-cells. 



Two rings 



Contains 



f ThyroW cartiUge 



I Cricoid cartilage A complete ring. 



j Vocal cords. 



i Epiglottis Closes the glottis. 

 Right ..... Three lobes. 

 Left . 



INSPIRATION 



Two lobes. 



(Air-vessels Bronchial tubes and cells, 

 f Pulmonary arteries. 

 Blood-vessels \ Capillaries. 



[ Pulmonary veins. 

 External intercostals contract. 



Raise the ribs. 



Chest enlarged \ Make the chest wider. 

 Diaphragm depressed. 



Chest made deeper. 

 Lungs expand with the chest. 



Air rushes in through the trachea, filling the enlarged lungs 

 Elastic walls of the thorax recoil. 

 Elastic lungs recoil. 

 Internal intercostals con- 

 tract. 



Chest Ribs depressed, 



made Chest becomes narrower, 



smaller Diaphragm raised. 



Chest made shallower. 

 Abdominal muscles contract. 

 Abdominal organs press on 

 underside of diaphragm. 

 Air forced out through the trachea. 

 ( Loses Oxygen. 



Carbon dioxide. 



Forced 

 expiration. 



Of air 



Blood 



Gains 



( In lungs 



In tissues 



Water vapor. 



Other waste matters. 



! Carbon dioxide. 

 Water. 

 Other waste matter 

 Gains Oxygen. 

 Loses Oxygen. 



Carbon dioxide. 

 Gains \ Waste matter in so- 

 lution. 



