348 FIRST HELP IN ACCIDENTS 



10. Frost-bites. Keep away from the fire and in a cool 

 room. Rub the nose, or other part that has been " bitten/' with 

 snow or ice-water until the blood is warmed again and circulat- 

 ing in the part. Chilblains should not be brought to the fire : 

 if the skin is unbroken, it should be hardened by brushing it 

 over with alcohol having tannin in it. 



11. Sunstroke is seldom produced in this climate in persons 

 who have not labored too hard. Fatigue and sun-heat are 

 commonly the joint causes of sudden prostration in summer ; 

 although "heat-stroke" may occur in an artificially heated 

 atmosphere, without exposure to the sun. In the tropics, the 

 least possible exertion is put forth by the natives during the 

 midday hours. On very hot days, therefore, avoid fatigue and 

 open-air labor as much as possible. Keep the head cool. If 

 any unusual, dizzy feeling comes on, apply cold water to the 

 head and neck. If a person falls unconscious, and the skin 

 is decidedly hot and dry, he should be taken to a cool place. 

 If the face and head are red and hot, apply ice-water on 

 cloths. If pale, give stimulants gradually, and use cold water 

 sparingly. 



12. Fits or Convulsions. These may be trivial or grave. 

 If the patient is a young woman, the attack is probably hyster- 

 ical, and, as a rule, not dangerous, and a sprinkle of cold water 

 will bring relief. If the patient struggles with regularity of 

 movement, and there is bloody froth on the lips, it is a case of 

 epilepsy, and requires a physician's attendance. Meanwhile, 

 protect the head from injury by putting a pillow or some soft 

 article beneath it; a cork introduced between the teeth will 

 prevent the biting of the tongue. Prevent the person from 

 falling or injuring himself, but do not attempt to forcibly hold 

 him quiet. 



In children apply cloths dipped in water to the head; disturb 

 the child as little as possible; do not use a warm bath until 

 directed by the doctor. 



10. Frost-bites and chilblains, treatment of each ? 



11. Sunstroke, causes ? Precautions against ? Treatment? 



12. Fits or convulsions, kinds of ? Treatment of each ? 



