6 OF THE FORMATION SECT, lit, 



Sea Shells make very good walks. 



All trees designed to be planted, are to be thought 

 of before winter. Those of the wall have been 

 spoken of ; and as to standards they must have a 

 fair depth of good soil (not very dungy) to grow in, 

 for it should be remembered, that tree roots in a 

 garden are prevented from running over the surface, 

 as they do in an undisturbed orchard. It is neces- 

 sary that some caution should be used not to dig the 

 ground too near, and too deep about garden trees ; 

 lest loosening the roots, they should not be able to 

 stand the wind ; and because the nearer the surface 

 any root grows, the more and choicer fruit, the tree 

 bears. 



But the fewer standard trees in a garden the bet- 

 ter, as they take up much room, and by their shade 

 prevent the proper growth of vegetables that are any 

 thing near them : so that if a garden is small, there 

 should be no trees except those of the wall. The 

 case is different where there is ample room ; and the 

 blossoms of fruit trees (apples particularly) are so 

 delightful, that if they produced nothing for the pa- 

 late, there would be a sufficient inducement to plant 

 them for ornament ; but let them rather be dwarf 

 standards than espaliers. 



Dwarf -standards occasion less trouble to keep 

 them, in order than espaliers, and are (generally) 

 more productive; for Espalier trees are seldom ma- 

 naged well, and thus appear unsightly ; at best they 

 are stiff and formal, and obstruct the sight in viewing 

 the quarters of a garden, which (if neatly culti- 

 vated,) are worthy of coming under the eye : the 

 violence done to nature, to keep espaliers in form, is 

 commonly paid by pains aud disappointment. A 

 writer of repute observes, apples on French paradise 

 stocks, planted at, eight or nine feet distance, pruned 

 and kept in an easy manner, make a fine appearance, 



