SECT. III. OF A GARDEN. / 37 



and produce better fruit, and in greater quantities, 

 than when they are in espaliers : Dutch paradise 

 stocks however last longer, and are altogether supe- 

 rior. For managing Dwarf trees, see Pruning. 



If Espaliers are planted, let them be only fruit 

 of the best sorts, and in spacious gardens, where they 

 may have a good length and height allowed them to 

 grow freely ; and let it be resolved to do the business 

 neatly. If they may have nothing better than poles 

 or stakes to be trained to, let them at least be strait, 

 and of some equality in size, as to height and thick- 

 ness, smooth, and not too clumsy for the purpose ; 

 fix them well in the ground, upright, and about nine 

 inches asunder ; at first only four feet from the 

 ground, and raised as the trees advance in height. 

 .Apples on paradise stocks best suit for espaliers in 

 small gardens, and pears on quince stocks, as they 

 maintain a small size ; but they are apt to decay by 

 the cutting they must have, and so do not prove 

 enduring trees. 



Espalier trees should rather be trained to sarccd 

 materials properly framed together, smoothed and 

 painted. But for a year or two, they may be fas*- 

 tened to ordinary light stakes, when they will have 

 formed a head, to begin to train them for bearing in 

 the neat manner proposed ; i. e. to slips of deal 

 joined to light oak posts as trellises. Whether the 

 slips be placed perpendicularly, or longitudinally, 

 seems indifferent. If the longitudinal mode of train- 

 ing be the best approved, strong iron wire may be 

 recommended to run through the posts, instead of 

 slips of wood, as it shades less and is stronger and 

 neater. If upright slips are used, they should be 

 slender, and from six to eight inches distance, ac- 

 cordiqg to the greater or less freedom of the natural 

 growth of the tree. The height may be also accord- 

 ing to the nature of the tree, from five to six feet; 



